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Concept SCARCITY and its Historical Development in English
(Вінниця: ДонНУ ім. Василя Стуса, 2017) Oliynyk, Natalya
With the general assumption of cognitive linguistics that semantic meaning is the primary linguistic phenomenon the article focuses on the analysis of the meaning of the concept in diachronic perspective using diachronic analysis methods and I. Shevchenko’s algorithm for determining historical transformations of the concepts. The content of the concept SCARCITY is stored in the verbal form and manifested by its name – the polysemous lexeme scarcity (n.) formed by the nominal Latinate suffix -ity from scarce (adj.) and the etymon – PIE stem of the verb kerp- (‘to gather harvest’). The semantic structure of the name of the concept went through nine stages of evolution from 1340 up to present time motivated by the inner form ‘state of being limited in amount’ and it is based on the categorical semantic property ‘a state/condition/degree of being scarce’ which together with other meanings profiled within the domains ECONOMICS and COMMERCE, MATHEMATICS, POVERTY, MEANNESS take part in the formation of the stereotypical perception of the concept SCARCITY in the English worldview defined by its name.
Conceptualisation of ECONOMIC CRISIS in discourse: from the Great Depression to the Great Recession
(2016) Oliynyk, Natalya; Shevchenko, Iryna
The article considers conceptual representation of ECONOMIC CRISIS in the economic mass-media discourse of the two historical periods: 1929–1933 and 2007–2010 to reveal its synchronic and diachronic distinctions and dichotomies. More specifically, it is aimed to study linguistic means representing the concept in the 20th century and determine their diachronic variations. Applying cognitive linguistic instruments, such as component analysis and conceptual metaphor theory, it has been determined that conceptual content, structure and metaphorical representation of ECONOMIC CRISIS are subject to historical variations. Terminologically motivated name of the concept “economic crisis” provides historical stability of its content and structure formed by historical constants DECLINE, UNSTABLE SITUATION, TURNING POINT on the one hand, and affects its historical change: extension with new constituents – variables DISORDER, LANDMARK, ACCIDENT, on the other. Propositional schemas of the concept, mainly those of action and identification, form the cognitive structure of ECONOMIC CRISIS and vary diachronically in the degree of prominence. The dominant conceptual metaphors of ECONOMIC CRISIS of a target domain CRISIS is MOVEMENT DOWN and CRISIS is A STATE OF EMERGENCY are stable through history while their further division into clusters of metaphors varies both in the set of source domains and in their frequency in discourse.