Батрахологія

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A case of natural triploidy in European diploid green toad (Bufo viridis), with some distributional records of diploid and tetraploid toads
(Russian Journal of Herpetology, 2007) Borkin, L.J.; Shabanov, D.A.; Brandler, O.V.; Kukushkin, O.V.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Mazepa, G.A.; Rosanov, J.M.
A triploid female (3n = 33) was found in diploid species Bufo viridis from the Crimea Peninsula, Ukraine. The case is recognized as an occasional autotriploidy. No morphological differences were found between this triploid female and other diploid specimens of the sample. Three categories of triploids in the Bufo viridis group are classified. Based on six green toad samples identified by chromosome number, the distribution of diploid and polyploid toads in Kazakhstan is discussed.
Composition and characteristic of subadult water frogs sample (Pelophylax esculentus complex)
(Daugavpils University, 2015) Biriuk, O.; Usova, O.; Meleshko, O.; Shabanov, D.
Crossing experiments reveal gamete contribution into appearance of di-and triploid hybrid frogs in Pelophylax esculentus population systems
(Chromosome Research, 2015) Dedukh, D.V.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Rosanov, J.M.; Shabanov, D.A.; Krasikova, A.K.
Speciation through hybridization is connected with appearance of interspecies hybrids which can survive and reproduce owing to changes in their gametogenesis. In animals, these changes lead to appearance of clonal animals, which for successful reproduction usually depend on parental species and lack of recombination during gamete formation. Polyploidization can resolve these problems and may lead to emergence of new species. Pelophylax esculentus complex (complex of European water frogs) represents one of the appropriate models for studying interspecies hybridization and processes of polyploidization. Hybrid nature of the P. esculentus (RL genotype, 2n=26) was confirmed after crossings of two parental species P. ridibundus (RR genotype, 2n=26) and P. lessonae (LL genotype, 2n=26). Nevertheless absence of one parental species (P. lessonae) and abundance of triploid hybrid frogs (RRL and LLR genotypes, 3n=39) in population systems at the East of Ukraine challenged us to understand how di- and triploid hybrids can appear and prosper in population systems where hybrids exist only with P. ridibundus (R-E type population system). To answer this question we performed cytogenetic analysis of tadpoles appeared after artificial crossing experiments of diploid and triploid hybrids. Moreover, we identified karyotypes transmitted in growing oocytes of females participated in the crossings. Genome composition of mature frogs and tadpoles was established using FISH revealing interstitial (TTAGGG)n repeat sites that differed in two parental species. After crossings of six triploid hybrid females with RRL genotype and one female with LLR genotype with diploid hybrid males and triploid hybrid males with RRL genotype, tadpoles with karyotypes corresponding to P. ridibundus karyotypeappeared.Lampbrushchromosomesobtainedfrom oocytes of all triploid females participated in the crossings were represented by 13 bivalents corresponding to P. ridibundus chromosomes. Analysis of lampbrush chromosomes from oocytes of additional 11 hybrid females with RRL genome composition also revealed oocytes with 13 bivalents corresponding to P. ridibundus chromosomes. We suppose that such oocytes can overcome meiosis and form haploid gametes withP. ridibundusgenome. After crossings oftwo pairs of diploid hybrids we obtained triploid tadpoles with RRL andLLRkaryotypes.Oocytesfromdiploidhybrid females participated in the crossing and four additional diploid hybrid females contained 26 bivalents corresponding to P. ridibundus and P. lessonae chromosomes.Suchoocytespresumablycanformdiploidgametes after meiotic division. One diploid female after crossing with P. ridibundus male produced both P. ridibundus and diploid P. esculentus tadpoles and had oocytes with 26 bivalents corresponding to P. ridibundus and P. lessonae chromosomes. Other six diploid hybrid females had oocytes with 13 bivalents corresponding to P. ridibundus chromosomes. Crossings of seven diploid males with P. ridibundus females or triploid females with RRL genome composition resulted in appearance of tadpoles with karyotypes corresponding to P. ridibundus karyotype. Thus diploid males most probably produced haploid gametes with P. ridibundus genome. We suggest that triploid hybrid frogs cannot reproduce independently from diploid hybrids. In studied population systems, diploid hybrid females are likely to be responsible for appearance of triploid hybrids as well as new diploid hybrids.
Cytological maps of lampbrush chromosomes of European water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) from the Eastern Ukraine
(BMC Genetics, 2013) Dedukh, D.; Mazepa, G.; Shabanov, D.; Rosanov, Ju.; Litvinchuk, S.; Borkin, L.; Saifitdinova, A.; Krasikova, A.
Hybridogenesis (hemiclonal inheritance) is a kind of clonal reproduction in which hybrids between parental species are reproduced by crossing with one of the parental species. European water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) represent an appropriate model for studying interspecies hybridization, processes of hemiclonal inheritance and polyploidization. P. esculentus complex consists of two parental species, P. ridibundus (the lake frog) and P. lessonae (the pool frog), and their hybridogenetic hybrid – P. esculentus (the edible frog). Parental and hybrid frogs can reproduce syntopically and form hemiclonal population systems. For studying mechanisms underlying the maintenance of water frog population systems it is required to characterize the karyotypes transmitted in gametes of parental and different hybrid animals of both sexes. In order to obtain an instrument for characterization of oocyte karyotypes in hybrid female frogs, we constructed cytological maps of lampbrush chromosomes from oocytes of both parental species originating in Eastern Ukraine. We further identified certain molecular components of chromosomal marker structures and mapped coilin-rich spheres and granules, chromosome associated nucleoli and special loops accumulating splicing factors. We recorded the dissimilarities between P. ridibundus and P. lessonae lampbrush chromosomes in the length of orthologous chromosomes, number and location of marker structures and interstitial (TTAGGG) n–repeat sites as well as activity of nucleolus organizer. Satellite repeat RrS1 was mapped in centromere regions of lampbrush chromosomes of the both species. Additionally, we discovered transcripts of RrS1 repeat in oocytes of P. ridibundus and P. lessonae. Moreover, G-rich transcripts of telomere repeat were revealed in association with terminal regions of P. ridibundus and P. lessonae lampbrush chromosomes.
Distinct fate of the asexual genomes in two convergently evolved Pelophylax hybridogenetic systems
(Sex uncovered: the evolutionary biology of reproductive systems. – Roscoff (Brittany), France., 2018) Mazepa, G.; Doležálková, M.; Choleva, L.; Ploetner, J.; Biriuk, O.; Drohvalenko, M.; Korshunov, O.; Shabanov, D.; Wolf, J.; Perrin, N.
Gamete production patterns and mating systems in water frogs of the hybridogenetic Pelophylax esculentus complex in northeastern Ukraine
(Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2016) Biriuk, O.V.; Shabanov, D.A.; Korshunov, A.V.; Borkin, L.J.; Lada, G.A.; Pasynkova, R.A.; Rosanov, J.M.; Litvinchuk, S.N.
Hybridization and polyploidy play an important role in animal speciation. European water frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex demonstrate unusual genetic phenomena associated with hybridization, clonality and polyploidy which presumably indicate an initial stage of reticulate speciation. The Seversky Donets River drainage in north-eastern Ukraine is inhabited by both sexes of the diploid and triploid hybrid P. esculentus and only one parental species Pelophylax ridibundus. Based on the presence of various types of hybrids, all populations studied can be divided into three geographical groups: I) P. ridibundus—P. esculentus without triploids; II) P. ridibundus—P. esculentus without diploid hybrids; and III) P. ridibundus—P. esculentus with a mixture of diploids and triploids. A study of gametogenesis revealed that diploid P. esculentus in populations of the ﬁrst type usually produced haploid gametes of P. ridibundus and a mixture of haploid gametes that carried one or another parental genome (hybrid amphispermy). In populations of the second type, hybrids are derived from crosses of P. ridibundus males with triploid hybrid females producing haploid eggs with a genome of P. lessonae. Therefore, we suggest that clonal genome duplication in these eggs might be the result of suppression of second polar body formation or extra precleavage endoreduplication. In populations of the third type, some diploid females can produce diploid gametes. Fertilization of these eggs with haploid sperm can result in triploid hybrids. Other hybrids here produce haploid gametes with one or another parental genome or their mixture giving rise to new diploid hybrids.
Inﬂuence of environmental conditions on the distribution of Central Asian green toads with three ploidy levels
(Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2011) Litvinchuk, S.N.; Mazepa, G.; Pasynkova, R.A.; Saidov, A.; Satorov, T.; Chikin, Yu.; Shabanov, D.A.; Crottini, A.; Borkin, L.J.; Rosanov, J.M.; Stock, M.
We studied the distribution of Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup), an anuran species group with three ploidy levels, inhabiting the Central Asian Amudarya River drainage. Various approaches (one-way, multivariate, components variance analyses and maximum entropy modelling) were used to estimate the eﬀect of altitude, precipitation, temperature and land vegetation covers on the distribution of toads. It is usually assumed that polyploid species occur in regions with harsher climatic conditions (higher latitudes, elevations, etc.), but for the green toads complex, we revealed a more intricate situation. The diploid species (Bufo shaartusiensis and Bufo turanensis) inhabit the arid lowlands (from 44 to 789 m a.s.l.), while tetraploid Bufo pewzowi were recorded in mountainous regions (340–3492 m a.s.l.) with usually lower temperatures and higher precipitation rates than in the region inhabited by diploid species. The triploid species Bufo baturae was found in the Pamirs (Tajikistan) at the highest altitudes (2503–3859 m a.s.l.) under the harshest climatic conditions.
Inheritance of parental genomes by a hybrid form Rana “esculenta” (Amphibia, Ranidae)
(Russian Journal of Genetics, 2009) Morozov-Leonov, S.Yu.; Mezhzherin, S.V.; Nekrasova, O.D.; Shabanov, D.A.; Korshunov, A.V.; Krutyak, F.F.
In this study, quantitative analysis of paternal genome inheritance by a hybrid form Rana “esculenta” (= Rana esculenta L., 1758 × Rana ridibunda Pall., 1881) (Amphibia, Ranidae) was examined. The hybrid form examined was characterized by a polymodal mode of inheritance (genome of any of the parental species can be inherited). The absence of correlation between the proportion of normal gametes and either sex or ploidity of the producer was demonstrated. The gametes produced could be both haploid and diploid (hybrid or homozygous). The mechanism of alloploid reproduction is discussed.
Mass occurrence of polyploid green frogs (Rana esculenta complex) in Eastern Ukraine
(Russian Journal of Herpetology, 2004) Borkin, L.J.; Korshunov, A.V.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Rosanov, J.M.; Shabanov, D.A.; Zinenko, A.I.
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Mutual maintenance of di- and triploid Pelophylax esculentus hybrids in R-E systems: results fro
(BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2017) Dedukh, D.; Litvinchuk, S.; Rosanov, Yu.; Shabanov, D.; Krasikova, A.
Background: Interspecies animal hybrids can employ clonal or hemiclonal reproduction modes where one or all parental genomes are transmitted to the progeny without recombination. Nevertheless, some interspecies hybrids retain strong connection with the parental species needed for successful reproduction. Appearance of polyploid hybrid animals may play an important role in the substitution of parental species and in the speciation process. Results: To establish the mechanisms that enable parental species, diploid and polyploid hybrids coexist we have performed artificial crossing experiments of water frogs of Pelophylax esculentus complex. We identified tadpole karyotypes and oocyte genome composition in all females involved in the crossings. The majority of diploid and triploid hybrid frogs produced oocytes with 13 bivalents leading to haploid gametes with the same genome as parental species hybrids usually coexist with. After fertilization of such gametes only diploid animals appeared. Oocytes with 26 bivalents produced by some diploid hybrid frogs lead to diploid gametes, which give rise to triploid hybrids after fertilization. In gonads of all diploid and triploid hybrid tadpoles we found DAPI-positive micronuclei (nucleus-like bodies) involved in selective genome elimination. Hybrid male and female individuals produced tadpoles with variable karyotype and ploidy even in one crossing owing to gametes with various genome composition. Conclusions: We propose a model of diploid and triploid hybrid frog reproduction in R-E population systems. Triploid Pelophylax esculentus hybrids can transmit genome of parental species they coexist with by producing haploid gametes with the same genome composition. Triploid hybrids cannot produce triploid individuals after crossings with each other and depend on diploid hybrid females producing diploid eggs. In contrast to other population systems, the majority of diploid and triploid hybrid females unexpectedly produced gametes with the same genome as parental species hybrids coexist with.
Optional endoreplication and selective elimination of parental genomes during oogenesis in diploid and triploid hybrid european water frogs
(PLoS ONE, 2015) Dedukh, D.; Litvinchuk, S.; Rosanov, Ju.; Mazepa, G.; Saifitdinova, A.; Shabanov, D.; Krasikova, A.
Incompatibilities between parental genomes decrease viability of interspecific hybrids; however, deviations from canonical gametogenesis such as genome endoreplication and elimination can rescue hybrid organisms. To evaluate frequency and regularity of genome elimination and endoreplication during gametogenesis in hybrid animals with different ploidy, we examined genome composition in oocytes of di- and triploid hybrid frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex. Obtained results allowed us to suggest that during oogenesis the endoreplication involves all genomes occurring before the selective genome elimination. We accepted the hypothesis that only elimination of one copied genome occurs premeiotically in most of triploid hybrid females. At the same time, we rejected the hypothesis stating that the genome of parental species hybrid frogs co-exist with is always eliminated during oogenesis in diploid hybrids. Diploid hybrid frogs demonstrate an enlarged frequency of deviations in oogenesis comparatively to triploid hybrids. Typical for hybrid frogs deviations in gametogenesis increase variability of produced gametes and provide a mechanism for appearance of different forms of hybrids.
Pecularities of oogenesis in hybridogenetic european water frog complex (Pelophylax esculentus com-plex)
(Bologna: Dipartimento BiGeA Complesso Belmeloro, 2013) Dedukh, D.; Mazepa, G.; Shabanov, D.; Rosanov, J.; Litvinchuk, S.; Saifitdinova, A.; Krasikova, A.
Simulation as a method for asymptotic system behavior identification (e.g. water frog hemiclonal population systems)
(Bern : Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2020) Shabanov, Dmytro; Vladymyrova, Marina; Leonov, Anton; Biriuk, Olga; Kravchenko, Marina; Mair, Quentin; Meleshko, Olena; Newman, Julian; Usova, Olena; Zholtkevych, Grygoriy; Шабанов, Дмитро Андрійович; Владимирова, Марина Володимирівна; Лєонов, Антон Вадимович; Бірюк, Ольга Вікторівна; Кравченко, Марина Олександрівна; Юсова, Олена Іванівна; Жолткевич, Григорій Миколайович
Studying any system requires development of ways to describe the variety of its conditions. Such development includes three steps. The first one is to identify groups of similar systems (associative typology). The second one is to identify groups of objects which are similar in characteristics important for their description (analytic typology). The third one is to arrange systems into groups based on their predicted common future (dynamic typology). We propose a method to build such a dynamic topology for a system. The first step is to build a simulation model of studied systems. The model must be undetermined and simulate stochastic processes. The model generates distribution of the studied systems output parameters with the same initial parameters. We prove the correctness of the model by aligning the parameters sets generated by the model with the set of the original systems conditions evaluated empirically. In case of a close match between the two, we can presume that the model is adequately describing the dynamics of the studied systems. On the next stage, we should determine the probability distribution of the systems transformation outcome. Such outcomes should be defined based on the simulation of the transformation of the systems during the time sufficient to determine its fate. If the systems demonstrate asymptotic behavior, its phase space can be divided into pools corresponding to its different future state prediction. A dynamic typology is determined by which of these pools each system falls into. We implemented the pipeline described above to study water frog hemiclonal population systems. Water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) is an animal group displaying interspecific hybridization and non-mendelian inheritance.
Simulation of the Expanded Iterated Version of the Prisoner's Dilemma Game Recognisers
(Proc. 7-th Int. Conf. ICTERI 2011, 2011) Vlasova, T.; Vladymyrova, M.; Shabanov, D.
This paper presents the model and software to explore pair interactions of objects with different behavior and their patterns. The research is based on the enhanced version of a classic prisoner’s dilemma game. The non-cooperative finite and infinite pair games with non-zero sums are investigated. Pure and mixed strategies with finite and infinite memory developed by Biology School of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University are used to analyze the results.
Study of the bufadienolides of the skin secretion of green toads (Bufo viridis Laur, 1758)
(Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 1995) Gella, I.M.; Shabanov, D.A.; Leont'ev, D.A.; Levin, M.G.; Shishkin, O.V.; Baumer, V.N.; Lakin, E.E.
The composition of the skin secretion of Bufo viridis toads, which inhabit the Kharkov region, has been studied in this work.
Sustainable coexistence of the parental species and hemiclonal interspecific hybrids is provided by the variety of ontogenetic strategies
(Herpetological Facts Journal, 2015) Shabanov, D.; Usova, O.; Kravchenko, M.; Biriuk, O.; Leonov, A.; Korshunov, O.; Mair, Quentin; Meleshko, O.; Newman, Ju.; Vladymyrova, M.; Zholtkevych, G.
Factors determining the sustainability of Hemiclonal Population Systems in which the interspecies hybrids Pelophylax esculentus complex coexist with members of parental species were studied using a combination of empirical data and computer simulation modeling. The empirical data demonstrates the existence of different intrapopulation strategies by partitioning a sample of individuals into two groups on the basis of their body size at a given age and comparing selected groups in terms of factors such as growth rate, life span, females’ fecundity and the age at which breeding commences. Then by using simulation modeling, we study the probable importance of intrapopulation ontogenetic strategies for the stability of Pelophylax esculentus complex HPS.
Sustainable coexistence of the parental species and hemiclonal interspecific hybrids is provided by the variety of ontogenetic strategies: simulation HPS Pelophylax esculentus complex preliminary results
(Daugavpils University, 2015) Shabanov, D.; Usova, O.; Kravchenko, M.; Leonov, A.; Korshunov, O.; Mair, Q.; Meleshko, O.; Newman, J.; Vladymyrova, M.; Zholtkevych, G.
The ploidy and genetic structure of hybrid population of water frogs Pelophylax esculentus complex (Amphibia, Ranidae) of Ukraine fauna
(Cytology and Genetics, 2010) Mezhzherin, S.V.; Morozov-Leonov, S.Yu.; Rostovskaya, O.V.; Shabanov, D.A.; Sobolenko, L.Yu.
The complex study, including allozyme variability and cytometry of hybrid populations of green frogs Pelophylax esculentus (L., 1758) complex has confirmed that the only region of Ukraine where allodip loid are encountered frequently is the Severski Donets basin (9% of all hybrids). In other areas, only two poly ploidy hybrids (0.9%) and one probably autopolyploid individual of each parental species have been regis tered. According to allozyme specters, all three polyploidy hybrids from the Severski Donets basin were males and belonged to biotype P. esculentus (=lessonae) – 2 ridibundus, and their population in this region has halved during the past decade.
The study of three hemiclonal population systems Pelophylax esculentus complex from the Seversko-Donetskiy center of green frogs diversity
(Вісник Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна. Серія «Біологія», 2014) Meleshko, O.V.; Korshunov, O.V.; Shabanov, D.A.
The structure of hemiclonal population systems (HPS) of Pelophylax esculentus complex from the Iskov pond (Gaydary village, Zmiyiv District), the Lower Dobritskiy pond (the region of Gomolsha river floodplain, Dobritskiy yar, the territory of the National Park “Gomolshanski lisy”) and from the pond near the village Zhovtneve (Vovchanskiy District, Kharkiv Region) was studied. All studied HPS were defined as REt-type. We observed the triploid hybrids number increasing in the HPS from the Iskov pond. The large part of triploid hybrids was found in the HPS of the Lower Dobritskiy pond. It was observed that all triploid hybrids from the pond near the village Zhovtneve were females. There was significant bond between the diploid erythrocytes size and sex of the frogs. It seems that triploids in this HPS are originating in other way compared to other HPS. There were two groups of females differ in body size which possibly corresponds to different ontogenetic strategies of green frog females. The males have a normal size distribution.
База результатов скелетохронологических исследований зеленых лягушек Нижнего Добрицкого пруда (Змиевской р-н Харьковской обл.)
(2013-09-16) Усова, Е.Е.; Шабанов, Д.А.
База данных скелетохронологических исследований зеленых лягушек, которая рассматривается в статье Е.Е. Усовой и Д.А. Шабанова "Изучение возраста и скорости роста зеленых лягушек (Pelophylax esculentus complex) Нижнего Добрицкого пруда (Змиевской район Харьковской области): пример обработки скелетохронологических данных", отправленной для публикации в Труды Украинского герпетологического общества