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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 916, 2010 ñåð³ÿ: ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 3 /47/

È.Ä. Ôåäîðåö, Í.Ï. Õëàïîâà... Ñòðóêòóðà è ñâîéñòâà ãàììà...

ɍȾɄ 547.535.36

ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ȽȺɆɆȺ-ȺɄɌɂȼɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɐ ɈɄɋɂȾȺ ɐɂɇɄȺ ɂ.Ⱦ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɰ1, ɇ.ɉ. ɏɥɚɩɨɜɚ1, ɇ.ɉ. Ⱦɢɤɢɣ2, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ⱦɨɜɛɧɹ2, ȿ.ɉ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ2, ɘ.ȼ.Ʌɹɲɤɨ2, ɇ.ɋ. Ʌɭɰɚɣ1, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜ2, ȼ.Ʌ. ɍɜɚɪɨɜ2
ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɚɪɚɡɢɧɚ 61077, ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ, ɩɥ. ɋɜɨɛɨɞɵ, 4 2 ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ» ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ, 61108, ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ, ɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ,1 E-mail: fedorets@univer.kharkov.ua ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 20 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2010ɝ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɦ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɇɇɐ ɏɎɌɂ ɩɪɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ 22 Ɇɷȼ ɢ ɬɨɤɟ 500 ɦɤȺ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ȗ-ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ZnO ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ZnO ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ: ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɦɨɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO ɧɚ ɛɢɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɚɫɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɪɰɢɧɨɦɵ ɗɪɥɢɯɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ, Ȗ-ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ, ɛɢɨɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF GAMMA ACTIVATED NANOPARTICLES OF ZINC OXIDE I.D. Fedorets1, N.P. Khlapova1 , N.P. Dikiy2, A.N. Dovbnya2, E.P. Medvedeva2, Yu.V. Lyashko2, N.S. Lutsay1, D.V. Medvedev2, V.L. Uvarov2 1 N.V.Karasin Kharkiv National University Svobody sq. 4, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61077 2 National Scientific Center “Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology” Akademicheskaya st. 1, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61108 Activation of nanoparticles of magnetite is carried out by slowing-down Ȗ - radiation on high-current electronic accelerator in NSC KIPT at energy of electrons 22 MeV and a current 500 μȺ. The analysis of component-phase structure and state of crystal structure of activated and initial nanoparticles ZnO was carried out by X-ray diffractometry methods. The transformations have been analysed and it was shown that there were no essential changes in structure of ZnO: activated nanoparticles of magnetite keep monophase state and crystallinity of initial state. To study influence nanoparticles ZnO on adenocarcinoma Ehrlich cells. It was demonstrated, that nanoparticles ZnO can be used as effect factor for destruction of adenocarcinoma Ehrlich cells. KEY WORDS: nanoparticles oxide zinc, electron accelerator, gamma-activation, X-ray diffractometry, biological sample. ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ȱ ȼɅȺɋɌɂȼɈɋɌȱ ȽȺɆɆȺ-ȺɄɌɂȼɈȼȺɇɂɏ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɈɄɋɂȾɍ ɐɂɇɄɍ ȱ.Ⱦ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɰɶ1, ɇ.ɉ. ɏɥɚɩɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.ɉ. Ⱦɢɤɢɣ2, Ⱥ.ɇ Ⱦɨɜɛɧɹ2, Ɉ.ɉ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɽɜɚ2, ɘ.ȼ. Ʌɹɲɤɨ2, ɇ.ɋ. Ʌɭɰɚɣ1, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɽɜ2, ȼ.Ʌ. ɍɜɚɪɨɜ2 1 ɏɚɪɶɤɿɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿ ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɚɪɚɡɿɧɚ 61077, ɏɚɪɤɿɜ, ɩɥ. ɋɜɨɛɨɞɢ, 4 2 ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «ɏɚɪɤɿɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ» ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ, 61108, ɏɚɪɤɿɜ ɜɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿɱɧɚ,1 ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɢɧɤɭ ɝɚɥɶɦɿɜɧɢɦ Ȗ-ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɪɭɦɨɜɨɦɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɸɜɚɱɿ ɇɇɐ ɏɎɌȱ ɩɪɢ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ 22 Ɇeȼ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɦɿ 500 ɦɤȺ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɿɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɿʀ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɿ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɿ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ZnO. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɶ ɜ Ȗ-ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ZnO ɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ZnO ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɨɫɹ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ: ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɢɧɤɭ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɸɬɶ ɦɨɧɨɮɚɡɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ. ȿɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɨɤ ZnO ɧɚ ɛɿɨɨɛ'ɽɤɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɫɰɢɬɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɤɚɪɰɢɧɨɦɢ ȿɪɥɿɯɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ZnO ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɹɤ ɞɿɽɜɢɣ ɱɢɧɧɢɤ, ɡɞɚɬɧɢɣ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɩɭɯɥɢɧɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɨɤ. ɄɅɘɑɈȼȱ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɢɧɤɭ, ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɸɜɚɱ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ, Ȗ-ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɹ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɿɜɫɶɤɚ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ, ɛɿɨɡɪɚɡɤɢ.
1

Ɉɤɫɢɞ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ (3,36 ɷȼ) ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɨɜ, ɥɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. [1]. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ZnO - ɷɬɨ ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɨɤɫɢɞ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ. ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ © Ôåäîðåöü ².Ä., Õëàïîâà Í.Ï., Äèêèé Ì.Ï., Äîâáíÿ À.Í., Ìåäâåäºâà Î.Ï., Ëÿøêî Þ.Â., Ëóöàé Í.Ñ., Ìåäâåäºâ Ä.Â., Óâàðîâ Â.Ë., 2010

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ñåð³ÿ: ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï.

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Ñòðóêòóðà è ñâîéñòâà ãàììà...

ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ZnO ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ, ɚ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ - ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ. Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ZnO, ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɦ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ, ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ [2]. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ZnO ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɧɨɨɩɬɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɶɟɡɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ [3]. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ – ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɍɎ - ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO – ɭɠɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɨɜ [2]. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɵ, ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɤɚ [4, 5]. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (CaO, MgO, TiO2 ɢ ɞɪ.), ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ȿɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ZnO, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ [5]. Ʉ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɥɨɜ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɭɱɲɚɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɤɚɤ ZnO ɢ TiO2, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɷɤɫɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɯ ɮɨɬɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɍɎ-ɫɜɟɬɨɦ [6,7]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ZnO ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ZnO ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ [8], ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ZnO ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0.1-1ɦɤɦ, ɹɫɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɱɟɦ ZnO ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ 1ɦɤɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɚɜɬɨɪɵ [8] ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɣ ZnO, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦ ZnO, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɷɬɨ - ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ/ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɐɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ZnO ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɟ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɇɇɐ ɏɎɌɂ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ZnO ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO ɧɚ ɛɢɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɚɫɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɪɰɢɧɨɦɵ ɗɪɥɢɯɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɢ ɧɚɧɨ- ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɮɢɪɦɵ Sigma-Aldrich (Product of USA). Ⱦɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ZnO ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɟ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɇɇɐ ɏɎɌɂ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ 22 Ɇɷȼ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɦ 500 ɦɤȺ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ Ge(Li)-ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ 3,25 ɤɷȼ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ 1333 ɤɷȼ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ 35ºɋ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɩɪɢ Ȗ-ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ (ȿȖ ~ 1,5-2 Ɇɷȼ) ZnO ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ~ 20 ɆȽɪ. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ Ȗ-ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ ZnO ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɟ ȾɊɈɇ-2 ɧɚ ɦɟɞɧɨɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ (ȜɋuɄĮ = 1,54178 ǖ) ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ 30 ɤȼ ɢ ɬɨɤɟ 10 ɦȺ. ɋɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɨɬ 20 ɞɨ 120° ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 1°/ɦɢɧ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ZnO ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ZnO ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ JCPDS. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Fityk. Ʉɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ

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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 916, 2010

È.Ä. Ôåäîðåö, Í.Ï. Õëàïîâà...

ɚɫɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɪɰɢɧɨɦɵ ɗɪɥɢɯɚ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 1.8 106ɤɥ/ɦɥ, ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ – 80%. Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ZnO (5 ɢ 12 ɦɝ/ɥ) ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɟɥɨɮɭɡɢɧɚ (100 ɦɝ/ɥ) - ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɦɢɧ. ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɨɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ (100±6 ɤȽɰ) ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɲɟɣɤɟɪɟ (S-3.02.10M) ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ. ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ZnO ɛɵɥɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 37ɨɋ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɭ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ 0,03 ɦɥ ɩɟɧɢɰɢɥɥɢɧɚ (180 ɟɞ/ɦɥ) ɢ 0,03 ɦɥ ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɰɢɞɚ (∼300 ɦɤɝ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɟɢɨɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɦ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ - ɬɪɢɩɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ - ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ Ƚɨɪɹɟɜɚ ɩɨɞ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɦ ɆȻȻ-1. ɉɨɞɫɱɟɬ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 5 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ. ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɂ ɂɏ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ Ȗ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ.
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h l Ʉɚɧɚɥɵ
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ȗ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ZnO ɱɟɪɟɡ 9 ɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ Ʌɍɗ. Ge(Li) ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɫ V=50ɫɦ3 ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ 3,25ɤɷȼ ɩɨ 1333ɤɷȼ ɥɢɧɢɢ 60Co

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫ. 1, ɜ Ȗ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ Zn Ȗ-ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ Zn(γ,n)65Zn (ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ 1115,5 ɤɷȼ), ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ ɦɟɞɢ 68 Zn(γ,p)67Cu (ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ 93, 184,5, 300 ɤɷȼ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ). ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.2 (ɤɪɢɜɵɟ a, ɛ, ɜ, ɝ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɢɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ - ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɜ, ɢɯ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ - ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ – ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɪɷɝɝɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɚɯ 2ș = 31,7; 34,4 ɢ 36,2°, ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɢɤ ɩɪɢ 2ș = 47,6° ɢ ɬɪɢ ɩɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ 2ș = 56,6; 62,9 ɢ 68,2°. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɝɟɤɫɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ a = 3,25 Å, c = 5,21 Å.. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɏ ɥɢɧɟɣɱɚɬɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢɡ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɡɵ ɰɢɧɤɢɬɚ ZnO (JCPDS, 36-1451) ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ. ɇɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ZnO ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ, ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ZnO. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ZnO ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɧɤɚ - ɩɢɤ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ 2θ = 44,5°. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɊɋȺ - ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ZnO ɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 99%. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ZnO ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ȗ-ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɛɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɮɚɤɬ ɢɯ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 (ɤɪɢɜɵɟ a, ɛ, ɜ ɢ ɝ) ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɧɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɜ, ɧɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɷɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ZnO,
66

juvl

1000

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ñåð³ÿ: ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï.

3 /47/

Ñòðóêòóðà è ñâîéñòâà ãàììà...

ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɨɬ ɨɬ 20 ɞɨ 80°.

Ɋɢɫ.2 Ⱦɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ 20 ɆȽɪ ɚ,ɝ - ɦɢɤɪɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɛ,ɜ - ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɢɫ.3. Ⱦɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ 20 ɆȽɪ ɚ, ɛ - ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫ. 3, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ZnO ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ 2ș = 31,7; 34,4 ɢ 36,2°, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ 2ș = 47,6°. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ - ɩɨɱɬɢ 1,3 ɪɚɡɚ - ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɟ ɩɪɢ 2ș = 34,4º. ɉɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ZnO, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɢɡ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɭɲɢɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɜ (100), (002) ɢ (102) ɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɒɟɪɪɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɝɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ (ɈɄɊ):

L = 0,9λ B cos θ ,
ɝɞɟ λ — ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (0,154056 ɧɦ), ȼ — ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ (ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɪɚɞɢɚɧ), θ — ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɚ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɈɄɊ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ZnO ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ~ 57 ɧɦ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɈɄɊ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɒɟɪɪɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ ~ 1500-2000 Å ɞɨ 15-20 Å, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ, ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ ɚɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ L ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ 1,5-2 ɪɚɡɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɈɄɊ ɜ

104
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 916, 2010

È.Ä. Ôåäîðåö, Í.Ï. Õëàïîâà...

ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɒɟɪɪɟɪɚ, ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.3, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ZnO. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ 2ș = 31,7; 34,4 ɢ 36,2° ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɢ, ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ZnO ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɈɄɊ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɥɢ 10%. ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɈɄɊ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ZnO, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ZnO, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɢ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɧɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɫɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɤɚɪɰɢɧɨɦɵ ɗɪɥɢɯɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ZnO (5 ɢ 12 ɦɝ/ɥ). ɀɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ (ɋ = 1,8 106ɤɥ/ɦɥ) ɞɨ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 80%. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO ɫ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 37ɨɋ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɩɪɨɢɧɤɭɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɫɭɩɟɧɡɢɟɣ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO (5 ɢ 12 ɦɝ/ɥ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 73% ɢ 41%, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɉɨɥɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ Ȗ-ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ZnO ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ȼɕȼɈȾɕ 1. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɦ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɇɇɐ ɏɎɌɂ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ 22 Ɇɷȼ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɦ 500 ɦɤȺ. 2. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ZnO ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɨɮɚɡɧɵɣ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɤɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɝɟɤɫɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ a = 3,25 Å, c = 5,21 Å. 3. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ZnO ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɫɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɤɚɪɰɢɧɨɦɵ ɗɪɥɢɯɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ZnO ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɚ ɂ.ɉ., ɇɢɤɢɬɟɧɤɨ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɉɤɢɫɶ ɰɢɧɤɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1984. – 203 ɫ. Padmavathy N. and Vijayaraghavan R. Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study // Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. – 2008. – Vol. 9. – P. 1-7. Song J., Zhou J. and Wang Z.L. Piezoelectric and Semiconducting Coupled Power Generating Process of a Single ZnO Belt/Wire // Nano Lett. . – 2006. – Vol. 6. – P. 1656. Wang Z.L. Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications // J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. – 2004. – Vol. 16. – P.829858. Hanley C., Thurber A., Hanna C. et. al. The Influences of Cell Type and ZnO Nanoparticle Size on Immune Cell Cytotoxity and Citokine // Nanoscale Res. Lett. – 2009. – Vol. 4. – P. 1409-1421. Hajime D. Morphologies of zinc oxide particles and their effects on photocatalysis // Chemosphere. – 2003. – Vol. 51. – P.129. Banerjee S., Copal J., Muraleedharan P. et. al. Physics and chemistry of photocatalytic titanium dioxide // Current Science – 2006. – Vol.90. – P. 1378 – 1383. Yamamoto O. Influence of particle size on the antibacterial of zinc oxide // Int. J. Inorg. Mater. – 2001. – Vol.3. – P. 643-646.

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