ɇȺɐȱɈɇȺɅɖɇȺ ȺɄȺȾȿɆȱə ɇȺɍɄ ɍɄɊȺȲɇɂ ȱɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ɋɐɂɇɌɂɅəɐȱɇɂɏ ɆȺɌȿɊȱȺɅȱȼ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɭ ɍȾɄ [546.65:577.359-022.532]:577.337 ȺȼȿɊɑȿɇɄɈ ɄȺɌȿɊɂɇȺ ȺɇȾɊȱȲȼɇȺ ɆȿɏȺɇȱɁɆɂ ȼɉɅɂȼɍ ɊȿȾɈɄɋȺɄɌɂȼɇɂɏ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ (RɟVO4:Eu3+ ɿ CɟO2-X) ɇȺ ȻȱɈȿɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑɇȱ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɂ ȼ ɆȱɌɈɏɈɇȾɊȱəɏ 03.00.02 – ɛɿɨɮɿɡɢɤɚ Ⱦɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɹ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɇɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤ: ȯɮɿɦɨɜɚ ɋɜɿɬɥɚɧɚ Ʌɟɨɧɿɞɿɜɧɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɮɿɡ.-ɦɚɬ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤ ɏɚɪɤɿɜ 2016 2 Ɂɦɿɫɬ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɍɆɈȼɇɂɏ ɉɈɁɇȺɑȿɇɖ ....................................................................... 4 ȼɋɌɍɉ ........................................................................................................................ 6 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 1. ɈȽɅəȾ ɅȱɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɂ. ȼɉɅɂȼ ɊȿȾɈɄɋȺɄɌɂȼɇɂɏ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɂ ȼ ȻȱɈɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɏ ...................................... 12 1.1. Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ ................................... 12 1.1.1. ɇɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ – ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ........................... 17 1.1.2. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɧɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. Ɇɿɲɟɧɿ ɬɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ........... 21 1.1.3. ɇɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɯ ............................................................................... 23 1.2. Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɞɿʀ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ....................................................................................................... 28 1.2.1. Ɇɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɣ ............................................................... 32 1.2.2. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ. Ɉɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɤɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɿɨɥɚɦɢ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿɹ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɣ ........................................................................................................ 33 1.2.3. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ.... 35 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 1 ɿ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɟɬɢ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ .................... 38 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ȿɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇȺ ɌȿɏɇȱɄȺ ȱ ɆȿɌɈȾɂɄɂ ȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɇə ...................................................................................................... 39 2.1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɨʀɞɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɿɜ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ .................. 39 2.2. ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ........................................................................................ 42 2.3. Ⱥɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ............................................................................................. 43 2.4. Ɉɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɚ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ɇɚɪɤɟɜɢɱɚ ɿ ɏɨɟɤɚ ............................. 52 2.5. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ .................................................... 55 3 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 2 ............................................................................................. 55 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 3. ȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɇə ɁȾȺɌɇɈɋɌȱ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȱ ɊȱȾɄȱɋɇɈɁȿɆȿɅɖɇɂɏ ȿɅȿɆȿɇɌȱȼ ȱɇȺɄɌɂȼɍȼȺɌɂ ɊȺȾɂɄȺɅɂ ȼ ɆɈȾȿɅɖɇɂɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɏ ................................................................................... 56 3.1. Ɋɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ................................................................................................................. 56 3.2. ȿɮɟɤɬɢ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɡɦɿɧ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ 64 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 3 ............................................................................................. 77 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 4. ȼɉɅɂȼ ɌȺ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɆȿɏȺɇȱɁɆɂ ɇȺ ȱ ȾȱȲ ɆȱɌɈɏɈɇȾɊȱȺɅɖɇɂɃ ɈɄɂɋɅɘȼȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɇȺ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɉɈɌȿɇɐȱȺɅ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɂ ȾɂɏȺɇɇə ɎɈɋɎɈɊɂɅɘȼȺɇɇə. ɆȱɌɈɏɈɇȾɊȱȺɅɖɇȱ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɂ........................................................................... 78 4.1. Ɉɰɿɧɤɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ JC-1 ............................................... 78 4.2. ȼɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ .......................................................................................................... 90 4.3. Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ........... 96 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 4 ........................................................................................... 100 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5. ȼɉɅɂȼ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɆȱɌɈɏɈɇȾɊȱȺɅɖɇɂɃ ɉɈɌȿɇɐȱȺɅ ȽȿɉȺɌɈɐɂɌȱȼ ɓɍɊȱȼ ɊȱɁɇɈȽɈ ȼȱɄɍ ................................... 101 5.1. Ⱦɿɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɿ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ................................................... 102 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 5 ........................................................................................... 112 ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ ............................................................................................................ 113 ɉɊɂɆȱɌɄɂ ............................................................................................................. 115 ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ȼɂɄɈɊɂɋɌȺɇɂɏ ȾɀȿɊȿɅ .............................................................. 116 4 ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɍɆɈȼɇɂɏ ɉɈɁɇȺɑȿɇɖ ǻȌm ȺɌɎ ȺȾɎ GSH GSSG NAC ȺɎɄ ȾɇɄ ȾɄ ɇȺȾ (NAD) ɇɑ ɇɆ ɊɁɗ Ɇɏ ɉɈɅ ȻɋȺ ȾɆɋɈ JC-1 ɋɈȾ ɌȻɄ ɗȾɌȺ HBS FCCP t-BHP ɇ2Ɉ2 ȾɌɌ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɚɞɟɧɨɡɢɧɬɪɢɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɚɞɟɧɨɡɢɧɞɢɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ N-ɚɰɟɬɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟʀɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢɪɢɛɨɧɭɤɥɟʀɧɨɜɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɿɤɨɬɢɧɚɦɿɞɚɞɟɧɢɧɞɢɧɭɤɥɟɨɬɢɞ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿʀ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ ɛɢɱɚɱɢɣ ɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɿɧ ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞ 5,5’,6,6’-ɬɟɬɪɚɟɬɢɥɛɟɧɡɢɦɿɞɚɡɨɥ ɤɚɪɛɨɰɢɚɧɿɧ ɣɨɞɢɞ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɞɢɫɦɭɬɚɡɚ ɬɿɨɛɚɪɛɢɬɭɪɨɜɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ȿɬɢɥɟɧɞɢɚɦɿɧɬɟɬɪɚɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɿɸ HEPES-buffered saline solution ɤɚɪɛɨɧɿɥ ɰɢɚɧɿɞ 4 – (ɬɪɢɮɥɭɨɪɨɦɟɬɨɤɫɿ) ɮɟɧɿɥɝɿɞɪɚɡɨɧ ɬɪɟɬ-ɛɭɬɢɥɝɿɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɞɿɬɿɨɬɪɟɣɬɨɥ 5 ɆɌɌ ɎȾɌ ɆȻ ȿɌɐ ɇȾɐ (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), ɆɌɌ-ɬɟɫɬ ɮɨɬɨɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɚ ɬɟɪɚɩɿɹ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɢɣ ɛɥɢɤɢɬɧɢɣ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɣ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞ ɰɟɪɿɹ 6 ȼɋɌɍɉ Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɢ. Ⱦɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɪɿɱ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɪɿɦɤɢɦ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɧɚɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɬɚ ɝɚɥɭɡɟɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɿ ɬɟɯɧɿɤɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ (ɇɆ). Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɆ ɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɿɣ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɸɽ ɞɿɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɱɭɬɥɢɜɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ. ɇɆ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɬɚɸɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɭ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɿ ɹɤ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɿ ɥɿɤɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ. Ɂɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɬɚ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɶ ɧɚɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɭ ɽ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦ. ȼ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɿ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɬɚɸɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ (ɇɑ) ɹɤ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɢ, ɳɨ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɭ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɨɸ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɨɸ ɧɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿɽɸ ɿ ɦɚɽ ɜɟɥɢɤɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɸ Ce3+ ɿɨɧɿɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ. ȼɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ Ce3+ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɢɫɧɸ (ȺɎɄ), ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ (3+ ɚɛɨ 4+) ɬɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɢɯ ɜɚɤɚɧɫɿɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɧɨɰɟɪɿɹ. Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ ɿɧɲɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ (ɊɁȿ). Ⱥɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɿ ɽɜɪɨɩɿɽɦ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɊɁȿ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɣ ɪɟɲɿɬɰɿ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɧɨɸ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɸ, ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɽ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɡɚɥɭɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ȺɎɄ. Ɂɚɯɢɫɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɰɢɯ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɪɹɦɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚ ɞɿɹ (ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ), ɚɛɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɤɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨ- ɬɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. Ɇɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿʀ (Ɇɏ) ɽ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ɿ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɥɹ ȺɎɄ. Ʉɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɟɡ, ɞɟɹɤɿ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɤɚɪɞɿɨɜɚɫɤɭɥɹɪɧɿ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɞɿɚɛɟɬ ɚɫɨɰɿɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɦ 7 ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɪɢɫɚɦɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɥɚɧɤɢ ɽ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɪɢ, ɞɟɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɿɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɢ Ɇɏ, ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɭ (GSH) ɬɚ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ. ɉɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɬɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ Ɇɏ ɧɟɪɨɡɪɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ, ɹɤɚ ɨɩɢɫɭɽ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ ɬɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ ɽ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɸ ɛɿɨɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɹɤ ɭ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɧɫɿ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɬɢ ɧɨɜɿɬɧɿ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɡ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɞɿɽɸ. Ɂɜ'ɹɡɨɤ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɦɢ, ɩɥɚɧɚɦɢ, ɬɟɦɚɦɢ. Ɋɨɛɨɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɿɜ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɯ ɪɨɛɿɬ ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɇȾɊ «Ȼɚɝɚɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɧɚɧɨɥɸɦɿɧɨɮɨɪɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɶ» (20092010 ɪɪ., ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɟɪɠɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ʋ 0109U005914), ɇȾɊ «Ɋɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɛɿɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɹɯ» (20112012 ɪɪ., ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɟɪɠɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ʋ 0111U008840) Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ «ɇɚɭɤɚ ɜ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɯ», ɇȾɊ «Ɋɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɶ» (ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɟɪɠɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ʋ0110U006970, 2010-2011 ɪɪ.), ɇȾɊ «Ɋɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɝɿɛɪɢɞɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɤɨɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ (ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɟɪɠɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ʋ 0112 U001897, 2012-2016 ɪɪ.). ɍ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɿ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɢɯ ɜɢɳɟ ɇȾɊ ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɱɤɚ ɛɪɚɥɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɟɰɶ. Ɇɟɬɚ ɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ. Ɇɟɬɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ – ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɋɟɈ2-x ɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ 8 ReVO4:Eu3+ (Re = Gd, Y, La) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ – ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨʀ ɦɟɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ: – ɨɰɿɧɢɬɢ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɿ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ; – ɞɨɫɥɿɞɢɬɢ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ; – ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɦɿɤɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɿɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɨɰɿɧɢɬɢ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ (ǻȌm) ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ; – ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɿ ɞɿʀ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ; – ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɿɫɧɭɸɱɢɯ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɳɨ ɨɩɢɫɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯ ɭɦɨɜ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ, ɧɚ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ. Ɉɛ’ɽɤɬ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ – ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ – ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɞɿʀ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ – ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɪɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ, ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɿɹ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɿɹ, ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɿɹ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ, ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɚ ɯɟɦɿɨɥɸɦɿɧɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ, ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ɇɚɪɤɟɜɢɱɚ ɬɚ ɏɨɟɤɚ. ɇɚɭɤɨɜɚ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ. 1. ȼɩɟɪɲɟ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɪɨ/ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ, ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ʀɯ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ 9 ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ. 2. ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɿʀ-ɞɢɮɭɡɿʀ, ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɇɑ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɧɿɠ 10 ɧɦ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɭ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ. 3. ȼɩɟɪɲɟ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ (ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ). 4. ȼɩɟɪɲɟ, ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɦɿɤɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ, ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɿɧɞɭɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɇɑ ɡɦɿɧɢ ǻȌm ɜ ɧɟɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɨɰɿɧɟɧɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ. 5. ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɨ ɡ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚ ɞɿɹ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ, ɽ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɨɸ ɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɿɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɞɨɜɨɸ ɜ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧ-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. 6. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ, ɹɤɚ ɨɩɢɫɭɽ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ, ɧɚ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ, ɩɟɪɲ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ, ɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɿ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɮɿɡɢɤɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɇɑ. Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ`ɹɡɨɤ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɬɚ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ǻȌm, ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ. ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɬɚ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɭ ɠɢɜɿɣ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɢ ɧɨɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɣ ɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɿ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɟɤɰɿʀ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɿɜ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ, ɭ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ. 10 Ɉɫɨɛɢɫɬɢɣ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɱɚ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɿ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ʀɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɚ ɨɛɪɨɛɤɚ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ. Ɋɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɦ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ, ɞ.ɮ.-ɦ.ɧ. ȯɮɿɦɨɜɨɸ ɋ.Ʌ., ɛɭɥɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɦɟɬɚ, ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ʀɯ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɿ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ. ȼ ɨɩɭɛɥɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨ ɡɿ ɫɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɰɹɯ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɢɣ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɱɚ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ: - ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ [1,200,201] – ɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɭ JC-1 ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɿ ɡɦɿɧ ǻȌm ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ; - ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ [2,183,184,229] – ɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɿ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɯɟɦɿɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɨɰɿɧɰɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɥɶɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ; - ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ [3,198,199,228] – ɭ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɿ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɢ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ɡɨɧɞɭ JC-1 ɭ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɬɚ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ; - ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ [4] – ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɿɧɞɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɜɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ; - ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ [5] – ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɣ; - ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ [6,185] – ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. - ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ [7] – ɭ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ. Ⱥɩɪɨɛɚɰɿɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɞɨɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɢɫɹ ɬɚ ɨɛɝɨɜɨɪɸɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɹɯ: Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 11 ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ «Ʌɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ» LUMCOS ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ (ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ) 2009; 2011; 2013; The THIRD International Workshop on Advanced Spectroscopy and Optical Materials (IWASOM), Gdansk (Poland), 2011. International School-Seminar of Galina Puchkovska «Spectroscopy of Molecules and Crystals» Crimea (Ukraine), 2011; 2013; 9th International Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials (ICEPOM9), Lviv (Ukraine), 2013; Ukrainian – German symposium on physics and chemistry of nanoctructures and on nanobiotechnology. – Kyiv (Ukraine), 2015. ɉɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿʀ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ ɨɩɭɛɥɿɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɭ 16 ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɹɯ; ɡ ɧɢɯ: 7 ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɢɯ ɮɚɯɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɯ ɬɚ 9 ɬɟɡ ɞɨɩɨɜɿɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɹɯ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɬɚ ɨɛɫɹɝ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ. Ⱦɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɭɩɭ, 5 ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ, ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɯ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ. ɉɨɜɧɢɣ ɨɛɫɹɝ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽ 141 ɫɬɨɪɿɧɤɭ, ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɹ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ 39 ɪɢɫɭɧɤɿɜ, 1 ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ 229 ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɶ. 12 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 1 ɈȽɅəȾ ɅȱɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɂ ȼɉɅɂȼ ɊȿȾɈɄɋȺɄɌɂȼɇɂɏ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɂ ȼ ȻȱɈɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɏ 1.1. Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ ɍɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ (ɇɆ) ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʀɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɡ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. ɇɑ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶ ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɿ ɹɞɪɨ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɩɿɡɧɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɿɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɛɿɨɞɚɬɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɛɿɨɜɿɡɭɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɿ. ɇɑ ɜɠɟ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ in vitro ɬɚ in vivo. ɉɪɨɬɟ ɩɨɜɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ʀɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɢɡɤɢ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɳɨɞɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɆ, ɩɪɨ ɝɨɫɬɪɿ ɿ ɞɨɜɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɨɜɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ʀɯ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ'ɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɿ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɽ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɞɿɣɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ʀɯ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ [8]. ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ [9]. ɇɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɭ ɇɑ, ɥɟɝɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɊɁȿ, ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɶ [9]. Ȳɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɮɨɬɨɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɢɫɨɤɭ ɮɨɬɨɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɟɪɟɯɬɿɧɧɹ, ɜɭɡɶɤɿ ɟɦɿɫɿɣɧɿ ɥɿɧɿʀ, ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɱɚɫɢ ɠɢɬɬɹ. Ⱦɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝ ɇɑ ɰɿɽʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɚ ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ, ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɬɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɥɨʀɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɿ ɥɟɝɤɿɫɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɚ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɧɨɪɨɡɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɫɿɹ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɚɦɢ. ɉɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɥɨɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿɯ ɇɑ, ɥɟɝɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɊɁȿ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɚ, ɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɚ ɡ 13 ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜɨ-ɱɚɫɨɜɢɦ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɧɿɬɧɨɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨʀ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ (ɆɊɌ) [10]. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɇɑ ɰɿɽʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɞɚɸɬɶ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɹɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɿ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ (CeO2-ɯ), ɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɸ (Al2O3) ɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɿɬɪɿɸ (Y2O3) ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɿɜ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ. ɇɚɫɬɭɩɧɟ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɰɢɯ ɇɑ: ɜɨɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɩɪɹɦɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɢ, ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɚɛɨ ɡɧɢɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȺɎɄ [11]. Ɂ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɇɑ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɭɸɬɶ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ʀɯ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ, ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧ ɡ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɟɫɨɦ. Ɉɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɚ ɛɿɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ȺɎɄ, ɹɤɚ ɽ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɦɿɠ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɽɸ ȺɎɄ ɿ ʀɯ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɽɸ, ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. Ɉɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɽ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 100 ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ, ɩɟɪɲ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɯɜɨɪɨɛɚ Ⱥɥɶɰɝɟɣɦɟɪɚ, ɯɜɨɪɨɛɚ ɉɚɪɤɿɧɫɨɧɚ, ɚɦɿɨɬɪɨɮɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɟɪɨɡ, ɟɩɿɥɟɩɫɿɹ ɿ ɪɨɡɫɿɹɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɟɪɨɡ. Ɉɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɚɪɬɪɢɬɭ, ɤɚɪɞɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɿɣ ɿ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɭ ɫɥɿɩɨɬɭ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɞɿɚɛɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɪɟɬɢɧɨɩɚɬɿɹ, ɦɚɤɭɥɹɪɧɚ ɿ ɪɟɬɢɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɹ. ȼɪɟɲɬɿ, ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɿ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɬɢ ɜɿɤɨɜɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɭ ɡɿ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɦɿɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ (ɉɈɅ) ɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ. ȼɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɿ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɶ ɧɚɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɽ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɥɚɧɤɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɭ. Ɉɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɬɟɨɪɿɣ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɽ ɜɿɥɶɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɿɹ ɏɚɪɦɚɧɚ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɳɟ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ, ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ 14 ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɜ ɚɟɪɨɛɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɚɯ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɬɬɹ. Ȼɿɥɶɲ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɸ ɜɟɪɫɿɽɸ ɞɚɧɨʀ ɬɟɨɪɿʀ ɽ ɬɟɨɪɿɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɡ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȺɎɄ, ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟ ɽ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ, ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɿɜ ɿ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɫɦɟɪɬɿ. Ɋɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ – ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɛɭɞɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɧɨɪɚ ɚɛɨ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚ, ɩɿɫɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ʀʀ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ, ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɚɛɨ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɚɛɨ ɡɞɚɬɧɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɫɜɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɜɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɿ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɸ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɨʀ ɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿʀ ɞɚɧɨʀ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ [12]. ɇɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɣɨɦɭ ɛɪɚɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɜ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ȺɎɄ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫ ɜɨɞɧɸ, ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɢɣ ɿ ɧɿɬɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɢ. ɏɨɱɚ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɚɫɬɨɤ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ, ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɬɢɜɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ, ɞɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɜɿɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɆ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ. Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɆ ɡ ɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɭ ɦɚɽ ɡɧɚɱɧɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɟɤɰɿʀ ɜɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿɣ. ɋɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ, ɳɨ Ɇɏ ɽ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɨɸ ɥɚɧɤɨɸ ɜ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ [13]. Ʉɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɟɡ, ɞɟɹɤɿ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɿ ɤɚɪɞɿɨɜɚɫɤɭɥɹɪɧɿ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɚɫɨɰɿɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɽ ɩɨɲɭɤ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɇɏ ɿ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ. ɍ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɰɢɦ, ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ, ɡɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɲɭɤ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɸɬɶ 15 ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ɇɏ, ɿ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɭɸɱɢɯ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɆ – ɰɟ ʀɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ, ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ, ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɚɞɿɭɫ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ, ʀʀ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɪ, ɝɿɞɪɨɮɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɝɿɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɿɫɬɶ. ȼɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɞɿɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɰɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ, ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɿ ɿɧɞɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɢɦɢ ɡɦɿɧ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɜ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɹɯ ɿ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɰɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ. Ɍɪɟɛɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɨɥɶ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɛɿɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ. ȼɨɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ ɦɿɠɿ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɦɟɫɟɧɞɠɟɪɿɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɿɜ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ, ɽ ɧɚɣɩɟɪɲɨɸ ɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɨɸ ɥɚɧɤɨɸ ɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɿɣɧɿɣ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɞɨɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɟɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɯ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɡɦɿɧ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɶ ɬɢɯ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɥɚɧɨɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ. ȱɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ Ɇɏ, ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ. ɋɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɧɢɡɤɚ ɇɆ, ɹɤɢɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɚɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɭ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɢɦɢ ɡ ɹɫɤɪɚɜɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɽ ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɢ ɿ ɇɑ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ. Ɏɭɥɟɪɟɧɢ ɽ ɚɥɥɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɸ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɸ ɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɫɬɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɶ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɿɜ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ: ɥɿɩɨɮɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɹɤɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɬɪɨɩɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɞɟɮɿɰɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ, ɹɤɚ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹɬɢ ɡ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ, ɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɿ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɧɝɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɤɢɫɟɧɶ. ȼɨɞɨɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɿ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɿ ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɭ ɋ60 ɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɟ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ. Ɍɚɤ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɩɨɯɿɞɧɿ ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɭ ɋ60 16 ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɿɪɭɫɧɿ [14] ɿ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ [15] ɚɝɟɧɬɢ. ɍ ɧɢɡɰɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɿɜ ɹɤ ɮɨɬɨɫɟɧɫɢɛɿɥɿɡɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɬɨɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɿ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ (ɎȾɌ) ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɿɜ [16]. Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɚɧɬɢɚɩɨɩɬɢɱɧɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɦɿɨɬɪɨɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɟɪɨɡɭ ɿ ɯɜɨɪɨɛɢ ɉɚɪɤɿɧɫɨɧɚ [17]. ɉɪɨɬɟ ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ [13] ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ Ɇɏ ɽ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨɸ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɰɢɯ ɇɑ – ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɿɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɢ Ɇɏ, ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ, ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ (~2 ɧɦ) ɧɚ ɥɿɧɿɸ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɪɚɤɭ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨʀ ɡɚɥɨɡɢ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɳɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɽ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɱɭɬɥɢɜɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɿɨɫɟɧɫɟɛɿɥɿɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɚ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɿɨɧɿɡɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ȾɇɄ, ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ Ɇɏ ɿ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɿ ɬɚɤɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɩɭɯɥɢɧɧɿɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ [18]. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [19], ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹɬɢ ɡ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɨɦ (GSH), ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɿɧ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɱɢ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɝɿɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɭ. Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɿɹ GSH ɧɚ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɬɚ ɿɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɭ, ɬɚ ɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɸ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɯ ɇɑ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɢ [20] ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɜɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɇɑ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɧɢɡɶɤɭ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ, ɚ ɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɦɢɲɟɣ, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɟ ɜɿɞ ʀɯ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɇɑ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɪɝɟɬɧɨʀ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɥɿɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɿɡɭɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɟ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ, ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ, ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɜɿɞ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɸɱɢ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ 17 ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ, ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ. 1.1.1. ɇɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ – ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɢ, ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨʀ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ, ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɚɛɨ ɞɿɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɱɭɬɥɢɜɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɜɿɡɭɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ. Ⱥɥɟ ɰɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɛɦɟɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɡɨɧɞɿɜ. ɍ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿɣ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɡ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜɢɦ ɿ ɱɚɫɨɜɢɦ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɸ. ɐɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿɽɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɲɭɤɭ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɧɞɿɜ ɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɜɿɡɭɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɥɚɛɤɚ ɮɨɬɨɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɤɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɡɨɧɞɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɦɨɬɢɜɭɽ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɭ ɞɨ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɇɑ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɡɭɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɹɤ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɿ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɧɚɧɨɚɥɦɚɡɢ, ɞɨɩɨɜɚɧɿ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɤɪɟɦɧɿɸ, ɥɟɝɨɜɚɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɟɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ. ȼɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɰɶɨɝɨ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɧɚɣɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɲɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɽ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɿɬɬɹ ɛɭɥɢ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ, ɨɩɬɢɱɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɧɢɡɶɤɚ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɋɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɭ, ɹɤɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ 17 ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ: ɫɤɚɧɞɿɣ, ɿɬɪɿɣ, ɥɚɧɬɚɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ. Ƚɪɭɩɚ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ 14 ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ ʋ58 ɰɟɪɿɸ (ɋɟ) ɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɸɱɢ ʋ71 ɥɸɬɟɰɿɽɦ (Lu). Ƚɨɥɨɜɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɸ ɞɚɧɨʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɽ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀ 4f- ɨɪɛɿɬɚɥɿ. Ⱦɥɹ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɸ ɽ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ 3+, ɹɤɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɜɿɞɪɢɜɭ 3-ɯ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɢɯ 4f 16s2 ɱɢ 5d 16s2 ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ. ɉɪɢɜɚɛɥɢɜɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ, ɹɤ ɜɠɟ ɡɝɚɞɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɢɫɨɤɭ ɮɨɬɨɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɦɟɪɟɯɬɿɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɯ ɪɨɛɢɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ 18 ɜɭɡɶɤɿ ɟɦɿɫɿɣɧɿ ɥɿɧɿʀ, ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɋɬɨɤɫɿɜ ɡɫɭɜ, ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿ ɱɚɫɢ ɠɢɬɬɹ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤɿ ɇɑ ɽ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ [9]. ɉɟɪɲ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ, ɨɩɬɢɱɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɩɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɨɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɸ ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ (ɞɨɩɭɸɱɢɦɢ ɿɨɧɚɦɢ ɿ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɪɟɲɿɬɤɢ). ɍ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ ʀɯ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɹ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɦɿɠ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ f-ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿɹɦɢ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɿɨɧɿɜ (ɡɚ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦ Ce3+ ɢ Eu2+, ɞɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ d-ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢ). ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɿ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɿ (ɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɜ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɿɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɦɭ (ɍɎ)-ɞɿɚɩɚɡɨɧɿ) ɿ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɞɨ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɿɨɧɭ, ɚɛɨ ɠ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɿɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ ɟɦɿɫɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɞɨ ɟɦɿɬɭɸɱɢɯ ɿɨɧɿɜ, ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɞɨɩɭɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɿɨɧɚɦɢ ɹɤ Ce-Tb. ɍ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɣ ɡɧɚɱɧɢɣ ɋɬɨɤɫɿɜ ɡɫɭɜ (~ 150 ɧɦ ɞɥɹ YVO4:Eu ɇɑ), ɧɚɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ, ɧɿɠ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɣ ɋɬɨɤɫɿɜ ɡɫɭɜ ɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɮɥɸɨɪɨɮɨɪɿɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɍɎ ɞɿɚɩɚɡɨɧɿ ɧɟɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɚɯ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɹɦɟ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, Eu3+, ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɚɪɝɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɚɡɟɪɚ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ [21]. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɭɡɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɦɟɠɭɽ ɤɨɥɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɫɜɿɬɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ. Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɿɜ ɜ ɇɑ ɦɿɠ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿɹɦɢ f-ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɜ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ (~ 1 ɦɫ), ɭ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɱɚɫɚɦɢ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɡɨɧɞɿɜ (~ 1 ɧɫ). əɤ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ, ɹɫɤɪɚɜɿɫɬɶ (ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɢɯ ɮɨɬɨɧɿɜ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɸ ɱɚɫɭ) ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɧɢɠɱɟ, ɧɿɠ ɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɮɥɭɨɪɨɮɨɪɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɢɯ ɬɨɱɨɤ. ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɜ ɨɞɧɿɣ ɇɑ ɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɫɨɬɟɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɬɢɫɹɱ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɜɢɯɿɞ, ɬɚɤ ɳɨ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɿ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɫɭɦɿɫɧɢɦ ɥɚɡɟɪɨɦ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ CCD ɤɚɦɟɪɢ [21-23]. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɱɚɫɢ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɛɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɮɨɧɨɜɚ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɚɛɨ ɩɪɹɦɟ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ 19 Ɏɶɨɪɫɬɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɿ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ (FRET) ɜ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ [24]. Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɿ ɿɨɧɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ ɦɚɝɧɿɬɧɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɦɚɝɧɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ. ȱɨɧɚɦ Gd3+ ɿ Eu2+ ɡ ɫɿɦɨɦɚ ɧɟɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɦɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɜɢɫɨɤɿ ɦɚɝɧɿɬɧɿ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɢ, ɿ ɰɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɡɞɨɜɠɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɪɟɥɚɤɫɚɰɿʀ Ɍ1 ɩɪɨɬɨɧɿɜ ɜɨɞɢ ɜ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɝɧɿɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɿ. Gd3+ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɿɣ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɆɊɌ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɰɿɧɤɭ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɰɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ, ɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɚɛɨ ɛɟɡ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɢɫɹ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ, ɹɤ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɿ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ [25-27]. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɚ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ʀʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ, ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ, ɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ, ɩɟɪɲ ɧɿɠ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɞɟ ɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ [28]. ɇɟɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɿɫɧɭɸɱɿ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɳɨɞɨ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, Gd2O3:Eu, LaF3:Ce3+, Tb3+) ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ȾɇɄ [29-31], ɳɨ ɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɿɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɢɡɤɢ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɦɭɬɚɰɿɹɦɢ ɿ ɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɹɜɢɳɚɦɢ ɜ ȾɇɄ. Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɇɑ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ ɹɤ in vitro [32,33], ɬɚɤ ɿ in vivo [34], ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɢɲɚɯ ɇɑ NaYF4:Yb ɛɭɥɢ ɩɨɤɪɢɬɿ ɚɧɬɢɬɿɥɚɦɢ. ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ [17,19,35] ɢ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ in vitro ɬɚ in vivo [36-38], ɞɥɹ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɥɨɹɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɜ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɇɑ GdPO, ɩɨɤɪɢɬɿ ɞɟɤɫɬɪɚɧɨɦ, ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɞɨɜɝɨʀ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɢɧɧɿɣ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɩɭɯɥɢɧɢ [39]. 20 Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɨɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɭ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɿɨɧɢ ɊɁȿ [40]. Ɂ ɰɢɦɢ ɠ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɚ ɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ – ɹɤ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɿɜ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɽ ɪɿɡɧɿ ȺɎɄ. ɉɟɪɟɤɢɫ ɜɨɞɧɸ (ɇ2Ɉ2) ɛɟɪɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ (ɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ, ɦɿɝɪɚɰɿɹ, ɩɪɨɥɿɮɟɪɚɰɿɹ, ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ ɿ ɬ.ɞ.) ɿ ɝɪɚɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɬɨɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɚɯ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟɪɨɡ, ɡɚɩɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɧɟɣɪɨɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɡɥɨɹɤɿɫɧɿ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɂɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɩɨ-ɪɿɡɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɨɝɚɧɨ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɨɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɟɣ. ɇɟɳɨɞɚɜɧɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɢ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɫɜɿɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɞɨ ɰɿɽʀ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɜ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɟ ɿ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɟ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ H2O2 ɜ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ: ɨɫɧɨɜɧɟ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ YVO4:Eu ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ 5D0 – 7F2 ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɥɟɝɭɸɱɨʀ ɞɨɦɿɲɤɢ Eu3+ ɡ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɧɚ 617 ɧɦ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ Eu3+ ɞɨ Eu2+ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɮɨɬɨɿɧɞɭɤɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ. ȼɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 250 ɫ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨɛ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɡɧɢɡɢɬɢ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɸ (ѝ70%). ɉɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇ2Ɉ2 in vitro ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ Eu2+ ɢ, ɹɤ ɫɥɿɞɫɬɜɨ, ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɩɪɢ 617 ɧɦ. Ⱥɦɩɥɿɬɭɞɚ ɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ H2O2. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɰɟ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɽ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɢɦ ɿ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɿɹ ɇɑ: ʀɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɚ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɱɚɫɭ ɿ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ. ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɇɑ YVO4:Eu ɧɟ ɽ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɇ2Ɉ2, ɿ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɟ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɨ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ. ɐɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ, ɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ, ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɱɿɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ClO − ɚɛɨ NO [25]. 21 1.1.2. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɧɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. Ɇɿɲɟɧɿ ɬɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ʀɯ ɞɿʀ, ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɧɧɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦ ɿ ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹɬɢ ɡ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɚɦɢ, ɛɿɥɤɚɦɢ, ɧɭɤɥɟʀɧɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɥɿɮɟɪɚɰɿʀ [28,41]. ȱɫɧɭɽ ɧɢɡɤɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ, ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɇɑ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɸɬɶ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɭ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɰɢɯ ɲɥɹɯɿɜ, ɹɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɪɹɞɿ ɪɨɛɿɬ, ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɑ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ, ɪɨɡɦɿɪ, ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɢɣ ɡɚɪɹɞ, ɩɨɤɪɢɬɬɹ/ɥɿɝɚɧɞɢ, ɝɿɞɪɨɮɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ/ɝɿɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɿɫɬɶ, ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿʀ), ɜɿɞ ɜɢɞɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ [42]. Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɇɑ, ɿɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ, ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɿɜ: 1. Ɏɿɡɢɤɨ-ɯɿɦɿɱɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ, ɬɚɤɿ ɹɤ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ, ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɚ, ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɇɑ. 2. ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɭɦɨɜɢ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɜɩɥɢɜ ɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɤɢ, ɛɿɥɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɿɧ ɿ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ) 3. Ɍɢɩ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿ ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ-ɦɿɲɟɧɿ) ɿ ʀɯ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɭ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɚɦɢ, ɦɨɧɨɰɢɬɚɦɢ, «ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ» ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɦɢ), ɹɤɢɣ ɛɭɞɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɬɢ, ɱɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɢɰɬɜɿ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ [43]. ɉɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɇɑ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɳɨɞɨ ʀɯ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɿɜ, 22 ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɱɭɠɨɪɿɞɧɨʀ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ, ɿ ɱɢɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɿɲɟ ɛɭɞɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɛɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ in vivo, ɬɢɦ ɜ ɛɿɥɶɲɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ ɛɭɞɟ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚ, ɿ ɬɢɦ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɣ ɿ «ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɶ» ɛɭɞɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ. ɉɪɨ– ɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɢ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɛɟɡɥɿɱ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɯ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ. ɍ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ ɽ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ H 2O2 , Ɉɇ • , −• Ɉ2 ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. ɇɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɩɭɳɟɧɧɹɦ ɽ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɦɚɥɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɿ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɿ, ɹɤ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ, ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ [4446]. ɉɪɢ ɧɢɡɶɤɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɿ ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɭɸɱɢɯ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɿʀ Nrf2, ɹɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽ ɟɤɫɩɪɟɫɿɸ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ. [47,48]. ɉɪɢ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɰɿ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ȺɎɄ ɿɧɞɭɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɱɭɬɥɢɜɿ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɲɥɹɯɢ, ɬɚɤɿ ɹɤ MAP-ɤɿɧɚɡɢ ɬɚ NF-țB ɤɚɫɤɚɞɢ [49]. Ʉɨɥɢ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɽ ɳɟ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ, ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɿ Ɇɏ ɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ/ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨ-ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɩɨɪɢ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɣ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɹɤ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɽ Ɇɏ, ɹɤɿ ɽ ɹɤ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɦɿɲɟɧɹɦɢ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ. Ɍɨɤɫɢɱɧɿ (ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ) ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ. ɇɑ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɡɛɢɪɚɬɢ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɛɿɥɤɨɜɭ «ɤɨɪɨɧɭ», ɿ ɰɹ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɤ, ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ [50]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɦɚɬɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ (ɪɨɡɝɨɪɬɚɧɧɹ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɿɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɦɿɠ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɛɿɥɤɚ), ɮɿɛɪɢɥɹɰɿʀ, 23 ɿɧɞɭɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɢɨɥɨɜɿ ɡɲɢɜɚɧɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɜɬɪɚɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ [51,52]. ɓɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɽ ɜɢɯɿɞ ɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɿɨɧɿɜ, ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɤɨɥɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ (ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɨʀ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ) ɫɩɪɢɹɸɬɶ ɞɢɫɨɰɿɚɰɿʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿɣɧɢɨɦɭ ɚɛɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ [53]. əɤ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɇɑ ZnO, ɹɤɿ ɭ ɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɚɯ ɞɢɫɨɰɿɸɸɬɶ ɞɨ ɝɿɞɪɚɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ Zn2+ ɿɨɧɿɜ. Ɍɚɤɚ ɞɢɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɹ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɚɦɿɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɢ ɬɚ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɢ [49,54]. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɯɿɞ ɡ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɪɟɲɿɬɤɢ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɜɚɧɚɞɿɸ ɛɭɞɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɿɨɧɢ ɜɚɧɚɞɿɸ ɽ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ Ɇɏ [55,56]. Ɍɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɝɚɞɨɥɿɧɿɣ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɽ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɱɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ, ɳɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɽ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ ɜ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɯ [57]. 1.1.3. ɇɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɯ ȼ ɞɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɽ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɭ [58] ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɳɨ ɞɚɧɚ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɚ ɡɞɚɬɧɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ in vitro ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɜɚɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɨɞɿɛɧɭ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɞɢɫɦɭɬɚɡɿ (ɋɈȾ) [59-61] ɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɚɡɿ [62,63], ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɬɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɭ [11] ɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɡɚɩɚɥɶɧɭ [64] ɞɿɸ. Ⱦɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɚɞɿɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ [65,66]. 24 ɉɨɲɢɪɟɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ CeO2-ɯ ɽ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ Ce4+ ↔ Ce3+ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɇɑ, ɢ ɧɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿɽɸ ɩɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɨ ɤɢɫɧɸ [67], ɳɨ ɪɨɛɢɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɢɜɨɸ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ. Ɂɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɢ ɿ ɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɬɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɬɤɚɧɢɧ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɚ, ɩɟɜɧɨ, ɡ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ, ɬɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɡɜɨɞɹɱɢ ɧɚɧɿɜɟɰɶ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ. ɇɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɚɬɢ ɿ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɭ ɞɿɸ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ. ȼɚɪɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɞɨ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɬɢ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɚ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɹɤɿ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹɯ, ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɿɠɨɤ ɱɚɫɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ (ɳɨɞɨ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɨʀ ɧɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿʀ) [68], ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɜɠɟ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɿ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜɬɪɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ. ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɛɟɡɭɦɨɜɧɨ, ɦɚɸɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɩɭɯɥɢɧɧɿɣ ɬɚ ɿɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɸɸɱɿɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɫɨɥɿ ɰɟɪɿɸ (III) ɛɭɥɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɰɿɥɟɣ [69,70]. Ȼɭɥɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɧɚ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɦɨɡɤɭ [71] ɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɜ ɲɿɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɿɜ. Ɍɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɿʀ ɦɭɯ Drosophila ɩɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɜ ɪɚɰɿɨɧ. ɉɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɽ ɞɭɦɤɚ, ɳɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɣ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɜ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɚ ɧɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ. Ʉɢɫɧɟɜɚ ɧɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɜ ɛɿɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ, ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɡ ȺɎɄ ɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ ɦɟɧɲɟ 5 ɧɦ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɚ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɚ ɧɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɿɹ, ɿ ɫɚɦɟ ɬɚɤɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ. 25 Ɋɢɫ. 1.1. Ʉɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɝɨ (1) ɿ ɧɟɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɝɨ (2) ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ [67]. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ (ɇȾɐ) ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɤɥɚɞɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɜ ɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɫɬɚɞɿɣ (ɪɿɜɧ. 1.1-1.3.). Ɋɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɚ ɇɑ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɪɨɡɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɧɚɝɚɞɭɽ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɚɡɢ, ɹɤ ɭɠɟ ɡɝɚɞɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ [67]. Ce(OH ) 3 + H 2 O2 → Ce(OH ) 2 OOH + H 2 O 3Ce(OH ) 2 OOH + H 2 O → 2Ce(OH ) 3 OOH + Ce(OH ) 3 2Ce(OH ) 3 OOH → 2Ce(OH ) 4 + O2 (1.1) (1.2) (1.3) Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɇȾɐ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɟɧɡɢɦɭ – ɋɈȾ ɬɚ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ «ɪɨɛɨɬɭ», ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɢɦ ɬɟɫɬɨɦ ɡ ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɨɦ ɋ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹɦɢ 1.4 - 1.5. ȱɧɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɹ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɿɨɧɿɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɽ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɟɬɚɩɢ ɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɧɨɸ [67,72]: −• ɇȾɐ − Ce 4+ + O2 → ɇȾɐ − Ce 3+ + O2 −• ɇȾɐ − ɋɟ 3+ + Ɉ2 + 2 ɇ + → ɇȾɐ − ɋɟ 4+ + ɇ 2 Ɉ2 (1.4) (1.5) 26 ɇȾɐ (ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɋɈȾ) ɡɞɚɬɧɢɣ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɿ ɝɿɞɪɨɤɫɢɥ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ; ɜ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɦɚɽ ɜɢɝɥɹɞ (ɪɿɜɧ. 1.6) [58,67]: ɇȾɐ − ɋɟ 3+ + ɇɈ • → ɇȾɐ − ɋɟ 4+ + ɇɈ − (1.6) ɍ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɱɚɫ ɜ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɰɟɪɿɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ GSH, ɿɧɞɭɤɭɸɬɶ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɜɢɠɢɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɞɨɡɚ ɿ ɱɚɫ ɞɿʀ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɇɑ. ȿɮɟɤɬ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɜ ɜɿɞ ɬɢɩɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ – ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɢɦɢ ɜɢɹɜɢɥɢɫɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɛɪɨɧɯɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɟɩɿɬɟɥɿɸ [73]. Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɥɢ ɡɚɩɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɥɟɝɟɧɿɜ ɭ ɳɭɪɿɜ, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɦɚɜ ɞɨɡɨ-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ [74]. ȼɨɱɟɜɢɞɶ, ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ [75] ɿ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɚɩɨɩɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɹɯɭ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. ɏɨɱɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɲɥɹɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ, ɹɤ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɣ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ, ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɩɭɯɥɢɧɧɿɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɿʀ. Ɋɿɡɧɨɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɿɹ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ, ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ: ɜɿɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ, ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ ɇɑ (ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɦɟɧɲɿ ɇɑ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɭ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ [76]), ɜɿɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ, ɡɚɪɹɞɭ, ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɇɑ ɹɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ/ɡɦɿɧɢ ʀɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɿʀ,. ɉɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɜɫɿ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɜɢɳɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɢ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɚ ɣ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɞɟɧɶ . Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɜ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ – ʀɯ ɧɢɡɶɤɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɹɞɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ: ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɜɟɧɧɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɳɭɪɚɦ ɡɨɥɸ ɇɑ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 6-7 ɧɦ ɜ ɞɨɡɿ 175-250 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɶɸ 60% ɬɜɚɪɢɧ, ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɞɨɡɚ 100 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɽ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ 27 ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɸ [77]. ȼɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 1000 ɧɦ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɭ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɿ ɝɿɩɩɨɤɚɦɩɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ (HT22) ɿ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɿɜ ɦɢɲɿ (RAW164) [67]. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɇȾɐ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 9 ɧɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ L929, A549 ɿ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚɯ ɥɟɝɟɧɿɜ [78]. Ɂɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɿ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɢ ɚɠ ɞɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɞɨ 0,6-0,8 ɧɦ. Ɂɿ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɰɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɜɠɟ ɩɪɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɿɨɧɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ [67]. Ɋɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɜ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɽ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɤɢ, ɳɨ ɰɿɥɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɽ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ɍ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ – ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɊɁȿ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɸɸɱɿ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɿɡɭɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɿ ɜɿɞɫɬɟɠɭɜɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ. ɍ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɜɢɜɱɚɥɢɫɹ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɸɸɱɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ – ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ , ɞɨɩɨɜɚɧɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɇɑ, ɪɿɡɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ. Ⱥɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɿ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ [79]. Ɇɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɥɨ ɛ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɿ ɞɥɹ ɇɑ ReVO4:Eu3+ (Re = Gd, Y, La) ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ, ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ Eu3+ ↔ Eu2+, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɰɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɸ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɠɢɬɬɽɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ [26]. ɉɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ GdVO4:Eu3+ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ in vivo: ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ, ɳɨ ɞɚɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɰɿɥɭ ɧɢɡɤɭ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɫɬɚɪɿɸɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɜɿɤɨɜɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɨɧɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ. Ȼɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɇɑ GdVO4:Eu3+ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭ ɧɟɪɜɨɜɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ (ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ), ɧɚɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɜ ɟɦɨɰɿɣɧɿɣ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ (ɚɧɬɢɞɟɩɪɟɫɚɧɬɧɚ ɞɿɹ) ɿ ɜ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɰɿ. ȼɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɭ ɞɿɸ ɇɑ GdVO4:Eu3+ ɧɚ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɡɿ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ, ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɟɫɬɨɫɬɟɪɨɧɭ ɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɽɸ ɫɩɟɪɦɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ. Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ 28 ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɦɭ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɇɑ ɨɛɪɚɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ [80,81]. Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɦɚɬɢ ɿ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɿɨɧɢ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɧɨɸ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɸ: ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɮɭɥɟɪɟɧɢ, ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɪɟɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɽɸ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɦɭ ɝɿɞɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɲɚɪɿ [82], ɚɛɨ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɿɬɪɿɸ, ɡɞɚɬɧɢɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɢ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɇɑ [11]. 1.2. Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɞɿʀ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ȼɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɿɠ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ʀɯ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ȺɎɄ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ Ɇɏ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɿ. Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ Ɇɏ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɭ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ʀʀ ɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ. ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ, ɹɤɿ ɽ ɞɭɠɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɿ – ɩɟɱɿɧɰɿ, ɦɨɡɤɭ, ɫɟɪɰɟɜɢɯ ɿ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɦ'ɹɡɚɯ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ Ɇɏ. Ʉɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɰɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɿ ɞɨ ɞɿʀ ɥɿɤɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ, ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɱɟɪɝɭ ɫɬɪɚɠɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ. ɍ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚɯ ɫɫɚɜɰɿɜ 80-90% ȺɌɎ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ Ɇɏ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ. ȼɫɿ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɟɬɚɩɢ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɳɟɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɿɜ, ɠɢɪɿɜ ɿ ɚɦɿɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɚɟɪɨɛɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɜ ɰɿɣ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɿɣ ɫɬɚɞɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ, ɧɚ ɹɤɿɣ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɿɜ ɞɨ ɤɢɫɧɸ, ɚ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɹ, ɳɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȺɌɎ ɡ ȺȾɎ ɿ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɭ. ȼɢɜɿɥɶɧɟɧɿ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɿ ɬɪɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢ, ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɤɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ (ɥɚɧɰɸɝ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ), ɞɟ ɜɨɧɢ ɡ'ɽɞɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɢɦ ɤɢɫɧɟɦ, ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɱɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɢ ɜɨɞɢ. 29 Ⱦɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ ɹɜɥɹɽ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɪɹɞ ɛɿɥɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ, ɜɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɭ, ɿ ɜɨɧɚ ɠ – ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɜ Ɇɏ. ɍ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ (ɿɧɬɚɤɬɧɢɯ, ɚɛɨ ɧɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɯ) Ɇɏ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɿ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɡɚɰɿɹ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɿɜ ɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɿ ɪɇ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɿ. ɐɟ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɨ ɡ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɩɨ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɭ Ɇɏ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɨ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɿɜ ɡ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɭ Ɇɏ ɧɚɡɨɜɧɿ. ɇɚɞɥɢɲɨɤ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɫɬɚɱɚ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɽ ɡɝɭɛɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ Ɇɏ. Ɂɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɟ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɿ ɿ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɰɢɦ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɞɥɢɲɨɤ ɤɢɫɧɸ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɥɿɤɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ, ɿ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɇɑ, ɜɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɞɨɜ, ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɚɞɿɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɿɧ. Ȼɚɝɚɬɨ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ, ɹɤ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɹ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ, ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ. Ʌɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɢ, ɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɋɟ, Gd, Y, La, Eu, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɱɢ ɩɪɨ- ɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ (ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ – ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ) ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚɯ. Ȼɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ ɜ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɚɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹɦ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ, ɽ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɿ 4f ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɢ [83], ɿɨɧɢ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɪɹɞɚɦɢ [40], ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɫɬɿ ʀɯ ɿɨɧɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɿɜ ɿ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ [84] ɡ ɿɨɧɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɚɦɢ ɿ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɭ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɭ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn ɿ Zn), ɿ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɤɚɬɿɨɧɿɜ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɜ ɥɿɝɚɧɞɚɯ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ [83]. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɠ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɿɲɚɥɶɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ [40]. ȼɫɿ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿ ɩɨɬɪɿɣɧɿ ɡɚɪɹɞɠɟɧɿ ɤɚɬɿɨɧɢ (Ln3+) ɫ 4f ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɜɿɞ 4f0 (La3+) ɞɨ 4f14 (Lu3+). Ʌɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ 30 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɦɿɪɭ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ +3, ɹɤɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɸ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɭ, ɳɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ 8 ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ, ɿ ɛɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɲɚɪ, ɹɤɢɣ ɦɚɽ ɞɨ 14 ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ. Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɦ ɏɭɧɞɚ, ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿʀ 4f0 (La3+), 4f7 (Gd3+) ɢ 4f14 (Lu3+), ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɣ, ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɢɣ, ɿ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɢɣ 4f ɪɿɜɟɧɶ, ɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ. Ʉɚɬɿɨɧɢ, ɳɨ ɦɚɸɬɶ 4fn ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɿ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ, ɛɥɢɡɶɤɿ ɞɨ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿʀ, ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɞɭɠɟ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɡɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɧɚɣɛɥɢɠɱɭ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿɸ. ɐɟɪɿɣ ɦɨɠɟ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ +4. ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɜɿɧ ɦɚɽ ɬɚɤɭ ɠ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɹɤ ɿ La+3 (ɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɣ 4f ɪɿɜɟɧɶ) (ɪɿɜɧ. 1.7). Ce 3+ (4 f 1 ) − e − = Ce 4+ (4 f 0 ) (1.7) Tb4+ ɿ Gd3+ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ – ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɧɟ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ 4f-ɪɿɜɧɹ. ɉɨɪɨɠɧɹ, ɧɚɩɿɜɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɚ ɿ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɚ 4f ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɞɟɹɤɭ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ. Ⱦɥɹ Eu ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞ (ɪɿɜɧ. 1.8): Eu 3+ (4 f 6 ) + e − = Eu 2+ (4 f 7 ) (1.8) ɇɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɜɢɳɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɜɢɫɨɤɭ ɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɢ, ɦɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ, ɧɿɠ ɧɚ ɫɬɿɣɤɿɣ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿʀ 4f, ɜɨɧɢ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɬɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ (Ce3+/Ce4+) [85], ɜ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫ ɹɤ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿʀ 4f, ɜɨɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɬɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɱɢ ɧɚ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɧɢɡɶɤɢɣ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ (Eu3+/ȿu2+). Ɂɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɥɚɧɬɚɧɨʀɞɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɨɛɦɿɧ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɡ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɿɦ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟɦ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ʀɦ ɛɪɚɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ. Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɜɨɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɬɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ, ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɨɛɦɿɧɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ, ɿ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ – ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ. ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, 31 ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɚ (ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɚ), ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ [86-88]. ɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɜɛɭɞɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɛɭɞɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɢ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ Ce3+/Ce4+ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɇɑ ɿ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɰɢɯ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɞɥɹ ȺɎɄ: ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɿ ɿɨɧɢ Ce4+ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɬɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢ ɭ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ, ɹɤɢɣ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɦɢ, ɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɬɢ Ce3+ ɿ Ɉ2. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɿ ɿɨɧɢ Ce3+ ɜ ɇɑ ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɨɡɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɿ ɝɿɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɞɨ ɜɨɞɢ ɿ ɚɬɨɦɿɜ ɤɢɫɧɸ, ɡɚɣɦɚɸɱɢ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɿ ɜɚɤɚɧɫɿʀ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿ ɧɚɧɨɰɟɪɿɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɢɠɧɿ Eu(OH)3 ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɸɱɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ, ɿ ɞɚɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɇɑ – ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɢɠɧɿ ɧɚɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɲɿ, ɧɿɠ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɿ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ Eu(OH)3 [89,90]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɿɨɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɿɜɧɢɦ ɇɑ ɨɛɦɿɧ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɱɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ, ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɿ ɚɛɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɜɛɭɞɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ (ɹɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɢɳɟ) ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɧɨɪɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɿɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ; ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɋɚ-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɿɨɧɧɿ ɤɚɧɚɥɢ; ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨ ɡɚɦɿɳɚɬɢ Mn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ ɿ Zn2+ ɜ ɫɚɣɬɚɯ ɡɜ'ɹɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɥɤɚɯ. Ɍɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɇɑ, ɿɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ, ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ, ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɪɢ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɝɿɞɪɢɥɶɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ, ɚɛɨ ɠ, ɫɨɪɛɭɭɱɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɿ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɿ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɢ, ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɿ ɡɧɢɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɭɥ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, GSH. Ɍɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɪɨɡ’ɽɞɧɭɜɚɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɫɬɿ ɿɨɧɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɇɑ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɿɨɧɿɜ ɜɚɧɚɞɿɸ), ɿ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɭ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ [55,56]. 32 1.2.1. Ɇɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɣ Ɇɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɪ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɠɢɬɬɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɹɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀɜ, ɹɤɢɣ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɸ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡɭ. ǻȌm ɜ ɞɢɯɚɸɱɢɯ Ɇɏ ɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ 150-200 ɦȼ. Ƀɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ 75% ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɇ+ ɝɪɚɞɿɽɧɬɚ, ɹɤɢɣ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɪɨɡɫɿɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ, ɋɚ2+ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɚɛɨ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ-ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɢɤɿɜ. ȼɞɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɚɦɩɥɿɬɭɞɧɿ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɿ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɱɚɫɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ Ɇɏ, ɹɤ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ [91-96], ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɚɯ. ɏɨɱɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɿɣ ɧɟ ɹɫɧɿ, ɩɪɨɬɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ Ɇɏ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ – ɿɨɧɿɡɭɸɱɟ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɞɿɹ ɥɿɤɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ, ɜɿɤɨɜɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɞɨɜɢ, ɬɨɳɨ, ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ȺɌɎ, ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ, ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ ɤɚɥɶɰɿɽɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ, ɳɨ ɿɧɿɰɿɸɽ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ, ɛɿɥɤɿɜ, ȾɇɄ Ɇɏ, ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɪɢ, ɳɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɋɚ2+ ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɝɪɚɸɬɶ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɭ ɪɨɥɶ: ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɋɚ2+ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɿ Ɇɏ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ ɰɢɤɥɭ ɬɪɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɿ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɚɽ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡɭ [97]. Ɂɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ Ɇɏ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɜ ɩɟɱɿɧɰɿ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ [98]. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɹ ȺɎɄ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɦɢ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ [99]. ȼɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ǻȌm ɽ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ 33 ɫɬɚɧɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ, ɡ'ɹɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ'ɹɡɤɭ ɦɿɠ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɇɑ ɿ ʀɯ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ǻȌm ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɿ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿʀ ɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ, ɨɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɤɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ. 1.2.2. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ. Ɉɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɤɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɿɨɥɚɦɢ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿɹ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɣ Ɇɏ ɽ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɸɬɶ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ȺɌɎ, ɛɿɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɲɥɹɯɢ, ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɿɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɭ, ɡɨɧɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɢɫɧɸ, ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ. ȼɫɿ ɰɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɨɯɨɩɥɸɸɬɶ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ. ȺɎɄ ɽ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɿɡɦɭ ɚɛɨ ɠ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɹɞɭ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ, ɿ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ʀɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ, ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɲɤɿɞɥɢɜɿ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɬɤɚɧɢɧ. ɇɚ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɶɤɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ȺɎɄ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ «ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɦɟɫɟɧɞɠɟɪɿɜ» ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɧɢɡɶɤɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫ ɜɨɞɧɸ, ɽ ɦɟɞɿɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɿ [100,101]. ɉɪɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ȺɎɄ ɿɧɿɰɿɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɹ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ ɿ ɬɚ ɿɧ., ɳɨ ɜ ɩɿɞɫɭɦɤɭ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ. ɇɟɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ȺɎɄ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɽ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɢɦɢ ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɪɢ [102,103], ɳɨ ɫɩɪɢɹɽ ɪɿɡɧɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɚɩɨɩɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɧɟɤɪɨɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ [104], ɩɪɹɦɢɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɿɜ, ɳɨ ɫɚɦɟ ȺɎɄ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸ ɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɭ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɚɩɨɩɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɲɥɹɯɭ, ɧɟɦɚɽ [105]. 34 ȼɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ Ɇɏ ɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɦ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ȺɎɄ. ȼɿɞ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɤɢɫɧɸ, ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɦɢ, 1-2% ɜɢɬɪɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ȺɎɄ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ I ɿ III ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ, ɿ ɰɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɬɢɩɭ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɢ [106,107]. ɇɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ 10 ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ-ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ȺɎɄ [108]. əɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɟ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨ ȺɎɄ, ɧɚɣɱɚɫɬɿɲɟ, Ɇɏ ɽ ɿ ʀɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ȾɇɄ [109]. Ȼɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ I ɽ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɬɿɨɥ-ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ [110]. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ Ɇɏ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ȺɎɄ ɿɡ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ, ɜɨɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɟɡɥɿɱ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɟɧɡɢɦɿɜ [111-113], ɬɚ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɭ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ[114-116]. Ɋɟɞɨɤɫ-ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɬɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɭɥɨɦ GSH, ɬɨɱɧɿɲɟ, ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹɦ GSH ɿ GSSG (ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɭ), ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɛɿɥɤɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɬɿɨɥɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɹɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɿɨɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ/ɩɟɪɨɤɫɿɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ ɿ ɝɥɭɬɚɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧɢ [117-120]. ɉɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɜ Ɇɏ GSH ɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɿɦɩɨɪɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɰɢɬɨɡɨɥɹ [121,122]. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ, ɬɿɨɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ/ɩɟɪɨɤɫɿɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɳɨ ɨɯɨɩɥɸɽ ɬɿɨɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɚɡɭ 2 (TrxR2), ɬɿɨɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ 2 (Trx2) ɿ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɿɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ 3 (Prx 3), ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɹɤ ɿ GSH-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɢ 1 ɬɚ 4 (Gpx1, Gpx4), ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɪɟɞɭɤɬɚɡɢ (GR) ɿ ɝɥɭɬɚɪɟɞɨɤɫɿɧ-2 (Grx2), NADPH ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɰɢɯ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ ɿ GSSG [116-118]. Ɇɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫ ɿ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɟ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɨɦ GSSG/GSH ɿ ɬɿɨɥɜɦɿɳɭɸɱɢɯ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ, ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ȺɎɄ. ɉɭɥ GSH ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɢ ɿ NADPH, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ GSH ɡ GSSG. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ȺɎɄ ɭ 35 ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɽ Qo-ɫɚɣɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III, ɚɥɟ ɝɥɿɰɟɪɢɧ-3ɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɞɟɝɿɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɝɟɧɟɪɭɜɚɬɢ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɬɦɟɧɬɿ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ. ɉɭɥ GSH ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɿ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ NADP+ - ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɢ ɛɿɥɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɩɭɥɨɦ NADPH ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɿ. NADPH ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɚɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɬɿɨɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ/ɩɟɪɨɤɫɿɪɟɞɨɤɫɢɧ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɿɧɲɭ, ɩɨɬɭɠɧɭ ȺɎɄ-ɡɜ'ɹɡɭɜɚɥɶɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɚ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ʀɯ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɄɚ ɿ ɪɇ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɬɦɟɧɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɱɿ ɪɟɚɝɭɸɬɶ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡ ɬɿɨɥɚɬɧɢɦ ɚɧɿɨɧɨɦ [117,123]. ȼ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɿ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɽ ɪɇ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɭ, ɬɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɩɨɥɟɝɲɭɸɱɢ ɞɟɩɪɨɬɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɿɨɥɿɜ. 1.2.3. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ Ⱦɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɢ ɽ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɸ ɛɿɥɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɤɢɫɟɧɶ, ɳɨɛ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɧ-ɪɭɲɿɣɧɭ ɫɢɥɭ ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ. Ɉɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɛɨɞɢɧɢɰɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ. ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ (ȿɌɐ) ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɿ Ɇɏ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ȺɎɄ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ I ɿ III ȿɌɐ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɭ ( O2−• ) [124]. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ, ɪɇ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ, ɜɚɠɥɢɜɿ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ. Ɍɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɧɟɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɢɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɽ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɹ ȺɎɄ ɩɪɢ ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ. 36 Ɂ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɆ ɿ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɰɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ Ɇɏ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɦɩ'ɸɬɟɪɧɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ, ɹɤɿ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɭɸɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɚɜɬɨɪɢ [125,126] ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III ɚɧɬɢɦɿɰɿɧɨɦ Ⱥ (ȺȺ) ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɣ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ O2−• ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ Q0-ɫɚɣɬɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɭ bL ɞɨ Q ɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ ɜ Q0-ɫɚɣɬɿ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɹɤ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ. ȱɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɢɱɧɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ [127,128], ɹɤɿ ɨɩɢɫɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ, ɿ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɿ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ I ɿ III [129-135]. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɢ [136] ɞɥɹ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ȱ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɥɢ, ɳɨ O2−• ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɿ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɚɜɿɧɭ ɧɚ ɤɢɫɟɧɶ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹɦ (1.9, 1.10) [129] •− FMNH − + O2 = FMNH • + O2 ; V16 = k16 ⋅ ( FMNH − ⋅ O2 − FMNH • ⋅ O2 mx / K eq16 mx (1.9) •− CI ⋅ Q • − + O2 = CI • Q + O2 ; mx •− V17 = k17 ⋅ (CI • Q •− ⋅ O2 − CI • Q ⋅ O2 mx / K eq17 ) (1.10) Ʉɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [137,138] ɨɩɢɫɭɽ ɟɬɚɩɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿ III. Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɝɿɩɨɬɟɡɚ [139], ɳɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ O2−• ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿ III ɞɟɳɨ ɿɧɚɤɲɟ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɢ [129] ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɥɢ ɿ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɿ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɳɨ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɚ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɟ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ. Ⱦɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɽ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ I ɿ III ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ Ɇɏ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ, ɪɇ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɭ, ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɯ 37 ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɚ ȺȺ. Ɇɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɇɑ, ɿɧɬɟɪɤɚɥɸɸɱɢ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ ɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɸɱɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ (ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɿɜɧɨɫɬɿ), ɚɛɨ ɛɥɨɤɭɸɱɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸ ɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɱɢ ɜ ɪɨɥɿ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɿɜ, ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨ ȺȺ, ɹɤɢɣ ɽ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɨɦ Qi-ɫɚɣɬɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III ɜ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ [140] ɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ [131], ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɿɞɫɢɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ. Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ (1.11) [129] ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ, ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿ III. − bH QH • + bL• Q = bH QH • + bL• Q ; − • V34 = k34 ⋅ (bH •QH • ⋅ bL •Q − bH •QH ⋅ bL •Q ⋅ exp( F ⋅δ 2 ⋅ΔΨ / R ⋅ T ) / K eq 34 (1.11) ɉɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɸɱɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɞɚɧɨʀ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ [129] ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹɯ ɜ Qi-ɫɚɣɬɿ. ȱɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ Qi-ɫɚɣɬɭ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɞɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹɦ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ Q0-ɫɚɣɬɿ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ Q-ɰɢɤɥɭ. ɋɈȾ-ɩɨɞɿɛɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ [79], ɜɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ [129], ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹɯ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɸ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ɿ ɡɫɭɜɭ ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ [129] ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɽ, ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɞɚɧɢɯ [131,141], ɳɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ ɞɭɠɟ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɨ ɞɨ ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɿɣ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ, ɤɨɥɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ ɚɛɨ NADH-ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɢ. Ɂɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɭɽ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɡɦɿɧɢ Ɇɏ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ, ɿ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɛɟɡɥɿɱɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɿ Ɇɏ ɹɤ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɿɜ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ, ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɿ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿɸ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɇɑ. 38 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 1 ɿ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɟɬɢ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ȼɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ 1 ɞɚɧɿ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɪɨ- ɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɑ, ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ʀɯ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ, ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɧɟɫɤɭ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɹɜ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ, ɿ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɟ: 1. Ʉɿɧɰɟɜɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ, ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɿɞ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɿɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ. 2. ɍɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɞɿɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɰɿ. 3. Ɋɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ʀɯ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɟɤɰɿʀ ɫɬɚɧɿɜ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɟɫɨɦ. 4. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɽ Ɇɏ ɿ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɫɬɚɧ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ Ɇɏ. 5. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ. 6. ɉɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɿʀ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɿɜ ɛɭɥɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɚ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ – ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ – ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɋɟɈ2-x ɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ReVO4:Eu3+ (Re = Gd, Y, La) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ – ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ.. 39 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2 ȿɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇȺ ɌȿɏɇȱɄȺ ȱ ɆȿɌɈȾɂɄɂ ȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɇə 2.1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɨʀɞɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɿɜ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ȼ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɨʀ (GdYVO4:Eu3+ (12ɧɦ)), ɜɟɪɟɬɟɧɨɩɨɞɿɛɧɨʀ (GdVO4:Eu3+ (25×8 ɧɦ), ɭɫɟɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ – 13 ɧɦ) ɢ ɫɬɪɢɠɧɟɩɨɞɿɛɧɨʀ (LaVO4:Eu3+ (57×6-8 ɧɦ)) ɮɨɪɦ, ɿ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ (ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 1-2 ɧɦ ɿ 8-10 ɧɦ). ȼɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɥɨʀɞɧɿ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɢ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɊɁȿ ReVO4:Eu3+ (Re = Gd, Y, La) ɢ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ (ɋɟɈ2-ɯ) ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɥɨʀɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɬɨɪa ɧɚɬɪɿɽɜɨʀ ɫɨɥɿ ȿȾɌȺ ɚɛɨ ɰɢɬɪɚɬɭ ɧɚɬɪɿɸ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɦ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ [79, 142-144]. Ɍɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɿ ɫɬɟɯɿɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɧɿ ɟɦɩɿɪɢɱɧɨ, ɩɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɥɢ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɬɿ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɿ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨʀ ɮɚɡɢ. Ȼɭɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɩɪɨɡɨɪɿ ɛɟɡɛɚɪɜɧɿ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɢ ɇɑ ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɬɜɟɪɞɨʀ ɮɚɡɢ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ – 1ɝ/ɥ. Ɋɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɿ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɸ ɇɑ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɨɫɜɿɱɭɸɱɨʀ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨʀ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɿʀ ɧɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɿ ɉȿM 125 Ʉ (Selmi, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ), ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɸɸɱɚ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɚ – 100 ɤȼ (Ɋɢɫ 2.1). ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɟ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ ± 10% ɜɿɞ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ. ɋɤɥɚɞ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɛɭɜ Gd(0,6-0,8)Y(0,1-0,3)VO4:Eu3+(0,1), ɜɟɪɟɬɟɧɨɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯ La(0,9)VO4:Eu3+(0,1). Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɫɿɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɬɥɚ (ȾɊɋ) ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɡɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ. ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɚɯ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɸ ɞɨ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɿʀ, ɬɨɦɭ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ (ɛɭɮɟɪɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɱɢɧ ȱȽɅȺ, ɡ 10% ɛɢɱɚɱɨɸ ɟɦɛɪɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɤɨɸ, ɪɇ=7,4) ɧɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɇɑ ɡɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ ɿ ȗɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ZetaPALS/BI-MAS (Brookhaven Instruments – Gd(0,9)VO4:Eu3+(0,1), ɢ ɫɬɪɢɠɧɟɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯ – 40 Corporation, ɋɒȺ). ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɡɟɬɚ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ PALS (Phase Analysis Light Scattering). Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɜɢɦɿɪɿɜ. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɥɶɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɭ ɇɑ ɿ ɇɑ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ. Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɇɑ ɡɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ȾɊɋ (ɞɨɜɠɢɧɚ ɯɜɢɥɿ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɚ 659 ɧɦ) ɩɪɢ ɤɭɬɿ ɪɨɡɫɿɸɜɚɧɧɹ 90°. ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɩɨɥɿɫɬɢɪɨɥɶɧɿɣ ɤɸɜɟɬɿ (BI-SCP). ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɶ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɿ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ 25°C. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 0,05 ɝ/ɥ. əɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ȗ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɇɑ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɡɧɢɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɿɬɿɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɇɑ LaVO4:Eu ȗ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɡɧɢɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ –18 mV ɭ ɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɿ ɞɨ –14 mV ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɞɥɹ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɞɥɹ ɇɑ GdVO4:Eu ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɡ –16 mV ɞɨ –13 mV, ɞɥɹ ɇɑ GdYVO4:Eu ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɡ –15 mV ɞɨ –12 mV, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɮɪɚɤɰɿɣ ɡɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɇɑ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ. ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɢɣ ɛɥɚɤɢɬɧɢɣ (ɆȻ)». ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ "ɇɑ-ɆȻ" ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ [145]: ɜɨɞɧɢɣ ɤɨɥɨʀɞɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɱɢɧ ɇɑ ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ 1 ɝ/ɥ ɡɦɿɲɭɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɜɨɞɧɢɦ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɨɦ ɆȻ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɭ ɆȻ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɿɜ (Ȝmax = 665 ɧɦ) ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɡɧɢɠɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɞɢɦɟɪɿɜ ɇ-ɬɢɩɭ (Ȝmax = 568 ɧɦ) ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ, ɳɨ ɽ ɞɨɤɚɡɨɦ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɝɿɛɪɢɞɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ "ɇɑ-ɆȻ" [146]. Ʉɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɿ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 0,5 ɝ/ɥ, ɆȻ – 10-4 Ɇ. 41 Ⱥ Ȼ ȼ Ƚ Ⱦ Ɋɢɫ. 2.1. ɉȿɆ-ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ: ɚ – GdYVO4:Eu3+ (1-2ɧɦ); ɛ – GdVO4:Eu3+ (25×8 ɧɦ); ɜ – LaVO4:Eu3+ (57×6-8ɧɦ); ɝ – ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɟɪɿɹ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ (1-2 ɧɦ); ɞ – ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɟɪɿɹ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ (8-10 ɧɦ). 42 2.2. ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɍ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɢ ɿ Ɇɏ, ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɡ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɳɭɪɿɜɫɚɦɰɿɜ 3-ɦɿɫɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɿ 20-ɦɿɫɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɥɿɧɿʀ ȼɿɫɬɚɪ. ȼɫɿ ɦɚɧɿɩɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɡ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɿɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɢɦ ɟɮɿɪɧɢɦ ɧɚɪɤɨɡɨɦ. ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶ «ȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɰɿɥɟɣ» (ɋɬɪɚɫɛɭɪɝ, Ɏɪɚɧɰɿɹ, 1986). Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ. ȱɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɿɸ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢ in situ 0,9% ɪɨɡɱɢɧɨɦ NaCl2 ɡɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɸ 20-30 ɦɥ/ɯɜ. ɉɨɬɿɦ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɿɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɢɦ (38-40°C) ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟɦ, ɹɤɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɥɨ 250 ɦɆ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɭ; 5 ɦɆ KCl; 0,4 ɦɆ KH2PO4; 0,4 ɦɆ Na2HPO4; 0,8 ɦɆ MgCl2; 1 ɦɆ ȿȾɌȺ; 2 ɦɆ ɞɿɬɿɨɬɪɟɣɬɨɥ (ȾɌɌ), 1 % ɛɢɱɚɱɢɣ ɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɿɧ (ȻɋȺ), ɪɇ 7,4, ɡɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɸ 40-50 ɦɥ/ɯɜ. ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 25-30 ɯɜ. ɋɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɧɚɫɢɱɭɜɚɥɢ ɤɢɫɧɟɦ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɿʀ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɭ ɜɢɬɹɝɭɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɱɟɪɟɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɧɢ, ɩɨɦɿɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɟ ɞɨ 4° C ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɿɞɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɜɿɛɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɸ 50 Ƚɰ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 60 ɫɟɤ. ɉɨɬɿɦ ɜɪɭɱɧɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɞɟɡɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿɸ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ. ɋɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɫɬɢɥɨ 250 ɦɆ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɭ; 10 ɦɆ ɬɪɢɫ; 0,4 ɦɆ Na2HPO4; 0,4 ɦɆ KH2PO4; 0,8 ɦɆ Mg SO4; 1,2 ɦɆ CaCl2; 5 ɦɆ KCl; 2 % ȻɋȺ, ɪɇ 7,4. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɞɟɡɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿʀ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ 70% ɦɚɫɢ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɜ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɚ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɣɥɨɧɨɜɢɣ ɮɿɥɶɬɪ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿɹ ɦɿɫɬɢɥɚ ɹɤ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɡ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɨɸ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɨɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɸ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɸ. ɐɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɰɿɽʀ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿʀ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 2-4 ɯɜ. ɩɪɢ 100g ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɲɚɪɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɢɬɢ. ȼɟɪɯɧɿɣ ɲɚɪ – ɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɜɿɬɥɢɣ – ɦɿɫɬɢɜ, ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɡ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɨɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɸ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɸ ɿ ɜɿɞɤɢɞɚɜɫɹ. ɇɢɠɧɿɣ – ɬɟɦɧɿɲɢɣ ɲɚɪ – ɦɿɫɬɢɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɿ ɫɥɭɠɢɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɨɛ'ɽɤɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿɸ 43 ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɧɢɠɧɶɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɭ ɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɩɿɞɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɢɜɚɧɧɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɢ 100g ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 1-4 ɯɜ. ɐɿɥɿɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɠɢɬɬɽɡɞɚɬɧɿɱɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿʀ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɡɚɛɚɪɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɜɿɬɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɨɦ 0,4% ɬɪɢɩɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɫɢɧɿɦ, ɜɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 90-95%. Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɠɢɬɬɽɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɢɯɿɞ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ, ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ ɜ ɪɹɞɿ ɪɨɛɿɬ [147-149]. ȼ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ (ɛɟɡɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ): ɩɿɫɥɹ ɞɟɤɚɩɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɭ ɲɜɢɞɤɨ ɜɢɬɹɝɭɜɚɥɢ ɿ ɩɨɦɿɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɤɪɢɠɚɧɟ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ (0,05 Ɇ ɬɪɢɫ-ɛɭɮɟɪ ɪɇ 7,4). Ƚɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɜɚɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɢɣ ɲɚɪ ɤɚɩɪɨɧɭ. ȼɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɣ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ. Ɇɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿʀ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ [150] ɜ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ [151] ɡ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬɭ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ (ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɛ’ɽɦɭ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɢ ɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ – 1:7). ɋɤɥɚɞ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ: 0,3 Ɇ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɚ; 1 ɦɆ ɬɪɿɥɨɧ Ȼ; 10 ɦɆ ɬɪɢɫHCl; pH 7,4. Ɏɪɚɤɰɿɸ Ɇɏ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɞɜɨɯ ɩɪɨɦɢɜɚɧɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɛɟɡ ɬɪɿɥɨɧɭ Ȼ; ɜ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɠ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɭɜɚɥɢ ɿ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɣ ɨɫɚɞ. 2.3. Ⱥɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ Ɏɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ. ȼ ɞɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɧɢɡɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɚɧɿɨɧɧɢɯ ɿ ɤɚɬɿɨɧɧɢɯ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɿɜ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨʀ ɰɢɬɨɦɟɬɪɿʀ [152-159]. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɛɭɜ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɣ ɤɚɬɿɨɧɧɢɣ ɡɨɧɞ JC-1 (5,5ƍ,6,6ƍ-ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪ-1,1ƍ,3,3ɬɟɬɪɚɟɬɢɥɛɟɧɡɢɦɿɞɚɡɨɥ ɤɚɪɛɨɰɢɚɧɿɧ ɣɨɞɢɞ), ɹɤɢɣ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɥɚɫɭ ɩɨɥɿɦɟɬɢɧɨɜɢɯ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɢɜɱɚɬɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ ɜ 44 ɞɢɧɚɦɿɰɿ. (Ɋɢɫ. 2.2). JC-1 ɜɢɛɿɪɤɨɜɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ Ɇɏ ɿ ɩɪɢ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɚ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɡ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɠɨɜɬɨɝɚɪɹɱɢɣ, ɳɨ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɨ ɡ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɢɦ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɹɜɨɸ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɞɨɜɝɨɯɜɢɥɶɨɜɨʀ ɟɤɫɢɬɨɧɧɨʀ ɫɦɭɝɢ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɞɚɸɬɶ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ. Ɋɢɫ. 2.2. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɨɥɿɦɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɿɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 – 5,5ƍ,6,6ƍ-ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪ-1,1ƍ,3,3-ɬɟɬɪɚɟɬɢɥɛɟɧɡɢɦɿɞɚɡɨɥ ɤɚɪɛɨɰɢɚɧɿɧ ɣɨɞɢɞ. ȼɢɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɱɢɧ JC-1 (10-3 M ɜ DMSO) ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ ɩɪɢ -20°C ɿ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɨɡɛɚɜɥɹɜɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ. Ʉɥɿɬɢɧɢ (ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ 5×105 ɤɥ/ɦɥ) ɿɧɤɭɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɡ JC-1 (10–6M) ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ȱȽɅȺ ɡ 10% ɟɦɛɪɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɛɢɱɚɱɨɸ ɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɤɨɸ, pH 7,4 ɩɪɢ ɤɿɦɧɚɬɧɿɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 1,5 ɝɨɞ. ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɭɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɩɿɫɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɞɿʀ: 1. ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɡ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɮɨɪɨɦ FCCP (ɤɚɪɛɨɧɿɥ ɰɢɚɧɿɞ 4 – (ɬɪɢɮɥɭɨɪɨɦɟɬɨɤɫɿ) ɮɟɧɿɥɝɿɞɪɚɡɨɧ) (5 ɦɤɆ) ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɜɢɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ; 2. ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɡ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ: ɤɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ (ɇ2Ɉ2) ɜ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 0,5 ɦɆ ɿ 1 ɦɆ, ɬɪɟɬ-ɛɭɬɢɥɝɿɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ (t-BHP) – 5 ɦɤɆ ɿ 50 ɦɤɆ; 3. ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɡ ɇɑ: 25 ɦɤɥ ɚɛɨ 50 ɦɤɥ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɭ ɇɑ (1 ɝ/ɥ) ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɠɧɭ ɤɸɜɟɬɭ, ɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɿɧɤɭɛɭɜɚɥɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 1, 45 3, 24 ɝɨɞ. Ʉɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 0,025 ɝ/ɥ ɿ 0,05 ɝ/ɥ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ. 4. ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɡ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ: 2 ɦɆ GSH, 5 ɦɆ N-ɚɰɟɬɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟʀɧ (NAC), 2 ɦM ȾɌɌ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɧɚ 1 ɝɨɞ. ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɇɑ ɚɛɨ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ, ɳɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɥɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ. 5. ɫɩɿɥɶɧɚ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 24 ɝɨɞ. ɡ ɇɑ (ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ 0,05 ɝ/ɥ) ɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɬɚ t-BHP (ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ 1 ɦɆ ɢ 5 ɦɤɆ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ) ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɑ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ. 6. ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ: ɫɩɿɥɶɧɚ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɇɑ (1 ɝ/ɥ) ɡ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ – ɧɨɤɨɞɚɡɨɥɨɦ (10 ɦɤɦ) ɿ ɰɢɬɨɯɨɥɚɡɿɧɨɦ Ⱦ (10 ɦɤɆ). Ɇɿɤɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɿɹ ɢ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɿɹ ɛɭɥɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ [160,161]. ȼ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɿɩɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɶ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɹ in situ [162-164]. Ɏɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɿɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɿɧɜɟɪɬɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɟɩɿɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ (IX-71; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) (ɪɢɫ. 2.3) ɡ 60×ɤɪɚɬɧɢɦ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ. Ɏɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɹ JC-1 ɡɛɭɞɠɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɞ 75 ȼ ɤɫɟɧɨɧɨɜɨʀ ɥɚɦɩɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɫɤɭ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɪɿɡɶ 450-490 ɧɦ ɫɦɭɝɨɜɢɣ ɮɿɥɶɬɪ. ȼɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɟ ɫɜɿɬɥɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɪɿɡɶ ɜɿɞɫɿɱɧɢɣ ɮɿɥɶɬɪ (510 ɧɦ), ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɸ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨʀ ɿ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ. Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɿɜ ɚɛɨ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ, ɛɭɥɢ 510-560 ɧɦ ɿ > 570 ɧɦ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ. ɇɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɮɿɥɶɬɪ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɳɨɛ ɥɚɦɩɢ. ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɥɚ ɲɬɨɪɤɢ 50% ɜɿɞ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɡɪɚɡɤɢ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɱɚɫɭ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɿ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɶ. ɐɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ 46 ɮɨɬɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɡɨɧɞɿɜ ɡɛɭɞɠɭɸɱɢɦ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɦ. Ɂɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɦɟɪɢ (C-5060 Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) (ɪɢɫ 2.3), ɡ'ɽɞɧɚɧɨʀ ɡ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɦ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɧɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ DP-soft 5.0 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɶ. Ɉɛɪɨɛɤɭ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɶ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ Adobe Photoshop CS3 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) ɞɥɹ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ (ɡɟɥɟɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨʀ) ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ. Ⱦɚɧɿ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɭ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɩɥɨɳɟɸ. Ɉɰɿɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɸ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ, ɧɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɭ ɞɨ ɮɨɧɭ. ȱɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɹɯ. Ɋɢɫ. 2.3. Ɏɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɣ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩ Olympus IX71 ɿ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ Olympus C-5060 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). ȼɡɹɬɨ ɡ [165]. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɡɦɿɧ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ JC-1 ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɡɚ log ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɽɸ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ 47 (Fɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ/Fɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ), ɞɟ Fɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ – ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɹ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ, ɨɛɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɯ ɇɑ, ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɚɦɢ, Fɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ – ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɹ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ. Ⱦɚɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɹɤ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ~ 25-30 ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɡ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɚɡɤɚ, ɜ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɱɚɫɭ, ɜ ɤɨɠɧɿɣ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿɣ ɬɨɱɰɿ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ, ɡɚ 100% ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ USB 4000 (Ocean Optics, USA) (ɪɢɫ. 2.4), ɡ'ɽɞɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɨɩɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɜɢɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ. Ɍɚɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɜɿɞ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɿɥɹɧɨɤ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɶ. Ɋɢɫ.2.4. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ USB4000 (Ocean Optics, USA). ȼɡɹɬɨ ɡ [166]. ȼɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹ ɇɑ ɡ JC-1. ȼɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɡ ɇɑ ɛɭɥɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ. ɇɑ (ɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ 0,05 ɝ/ɥ) ɡɦɿɲɭɜɚɥɢ ɡ JC-1 (ɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ 10-6 M), ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɿ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ 10 ɦM HEPES ɿ 0,15 M KCl, pH 7,4, ɿ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 20 ɯɜ. ɉɨɬɿɦ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɿ ɯɜɢɥɿ 560 ɧɦ (ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɢ) ɿ 590 ɧɦ (ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢ). 48 ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ - ɆɌɌ-ɬɟɫɬ. Ʉɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɣ MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) ɬɟɫɬ ɛɭɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɨɛɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɯ ɇɑ. ɉɿɫɥɹ 1, 3 ɿ 24 ɝɨɞ. ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɡ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɿ Ʉɪɟɛɫɚ – Ƚɟɧɡɟɥɟɣɬɚ, ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɽ ɜɢɞɚɥɹɥɨɫɹ, ɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɭɜɥɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ (1 ɦɥ). Ⱦɚɥɿ 100 ɦɤɥ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɭ MTT (5 ɦɝ/ɦɥ) ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɚɡɤɚ, ɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɿɧɤɭɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 2 ɝɨɞ. ɩɪɢ 37° C. ɉɨɬɿɦ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɡ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɚɥɹɥɢ, ɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɥɿɡɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ ȾɆɋɈ ɡ ɩɿɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɦ ɿɡɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥɨɦ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚɦɢ 570 ɧɦ ɿ 630 ɧɦ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ǻD, ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ, ɡɚ 100% ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɟ ɜɢɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ [167]. ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɥɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɿɚɥɶɞɟɝɿɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ. Ɋɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ ɦɚɥɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɿɚɥɶɞɟɝɿɞɭ (ɆȾȺ) – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ ɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ, ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɝɨ Ʉɭɦɚɪɿ ɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [168] ɡ ɞɟɹɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ: ɱɟɪɟɡ 1, 3 ɚɛɨ 24 ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɡ ɇɑ (ɤɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ – 0,05 ɝ/ɥ, ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɸ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɡ ɇɑ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɿ Ʉɪɟɛɫɚ- Ƚɟɧɡɟɥɟɣɬɚ ɡ ɪɇ 6,9, 7,4, 7,8.), ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ 0,01 Ɇ ɿɨɧɨɥ, ɩɨɬɿɦ ɫɭɦɿɲ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɭɜɚɥɢ, ɫɭɩɟɪɧɚɬɚɧɬ ɜɢɞɚɥɹɥɢ ɿ ɡɚɦɿɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ. Ⱦɚɥɿ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ 0,6 ɦɥ 1% 2-ɬɿɨɛɚɪɛɿɬɭɪɨɜɨʀ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɢ ɿ 2 ɦɥ 1% H3PO4 ɞɨ 0,2 ɦɥ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿʀ (106 ɤɥ/ɦɥ). Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɭ ɫɭɦɿɲ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 45 ɯɜ. ɩɪɢ 100ƕ C ɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɿɣ ɛɚɧɿ ɿ ɞɚɥɿ ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɯɜ., ɳɨɛ ɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɸ. ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɨɩɬɢɱɧɭ ɳɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ 532 ɧɦ ɿ 580 ɧɦ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ǻD, ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ, ɡɚ 100% ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɆȾȺ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɿɜɧɨɫɬɿ (ȺɈȺ). Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ȺɈȺ ɇɑ ɦɿɫɬɿɥɚ: ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɢɣ ɛɭɮɟɪ ɪɇ 7,45; ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿɸ ɥɿɩɨɩɪɨɬɟʀɧɿɜ ɹɽɱɧɨɝɨ ɠɨɜɬɤɚ (ɀɅɉ), ɪɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɨɦ ɜ 25 ɪɚɡɿɜ; 25 ɦM FeSO4; 0,01 Ɇ ɿɨɧɨɥ; 20% ɬɪɢɯɥɨɪɨɰɬɨɜɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ; 0,5% ɌȻɄ; 49 0,3% ɞɨɞɟɰɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ Na. ɀɨɜɬɨɤ ɤɭɪɹɱɨɝɨ ɹɣɰɹ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɢɡɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ (0,5 ɦɥ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɿʀ + 12 ɦɥ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ). ɍ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɢ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɇɑ, ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɭ ɩɪɨɛɭ ɡɚɦɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɭ. ɉɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜ ɡɪɚɡɨɤ 0,2 ɦɥ 25 ɦM FeSO4 (ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɿɣ ɛɚɧɿ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ 37ɨ ɋ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 15 ɯɜ.). Ⱦɚɥɿ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ 1 ɦɥ 20% ɪɨɡɱɢɧɭ ɬɪɢɯɥɨɪɨɰɬɨɜɨʀ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɢ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɿɸ ɡɭɩɢɧɹɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ 0,1 ɦɥ 0,01 Ɇ ɿɨɧɨɥɚ, ɡɪɚɡɤɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɭɜɚɥɢ (1000 ɨɛ/ɯɜ.), ɧɚɞɨɫɚɞɨɜɭ ɪɿɞɢɧɭ ɜɢɞɚɥɹɥɢ, ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ 1,8 ɦɥ 0,5% ɌȻɄ, ɡɧɨɜɭ ɿɧɤɭɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɿɣ ɛɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɤɢɩɿɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 15 ɯɜ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚɦɢ 532 ɧɦ ɿ 580 ɧɦ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ǻD, ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ, ɡɚ 100% ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɚ ȺɈȺ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ. ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ. ȼɫɿ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ UV-Vis ɞɜɨɩɪɨɦɟɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɚɧɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɚ SPECORD 200 (Analytik Jena, ɇɿɦɟɱɱɢɧɚ). ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɤɸɜɟɬɢ ɡ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸ ɨɩɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɹɯɭ 0,2 ɚɛɨ 1 ɫɦ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɿ ɨɛɪɨɛɤɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ Windows. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɚ [169]: - ɨɩɬɢɤɚ: ɦɨɧɨɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɸ ɪɟɲɿɬɤɨɸ ɿ ɚɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɨɩɬɢɤɨɸ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɢɥɟɧɧɹ; - ɞɿɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɯɜɢɥɶ: 190–1100 ɧɦ; - ɬɨɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɢ ɯɜɢɥɿ: ≤ ± 0.5 ɧɦ; - ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɢ ɯɜɢɥɿ: ≤ ± 0.05 ɧɦ; - ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɦɭɝɢ: ɜɚɪɿɸɽɬɶɫɹ 1; 2; 4 ɧɦ. ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɯɟɦɿɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɜ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬɚɯ ɬɤɚɧɢɧ, ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɿ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ. ɏɅ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɜɚɥɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɦ Ɏɟɧɬɨɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɑ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɥɚ 0,05 Ɇ ɬɪɢɫ-ɛɭɮɟɪ ɪɇ 7,4; 50 ɦɤɦ ɥɸɦɿɧɚɥ; 10 ɦɤɆ Fe2+; ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ, (ɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɜ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɯ 0,05 ɝ/ɥ). Ɋɟɚɤɰɿɸ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɥɢ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɇ2Ɉ2 (ɤɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ 1,35 ɦɆ). 50 ɋɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɏɅ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɯɟɦɿɥɸɦɿɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ «Lum-5773», Ɋɨɫɿɹ. Ɉɰɿɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ ɡɚ 5 ɯɜɢɥɢɧ ɿ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɚɦɩɥɿɬɭɞɭ ɫɩɚɥɚɯɭ ɏɅ. Ȼɟɡɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɚ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɚɧɬɢ- ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɑ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɥɚ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ (ɤɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɛɿɥɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 70-80 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ). ȱɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɹ ɡɪɚɡɤɿɜ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɚ 30 ɯɜ. ɩɪɢ 37ɨ ɋ (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɣ ɡɪɚɡɨɤ ɧɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɜ ɇɑ). ɉɿɫɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɪɚɡɤɢ ɩɨɦɿɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɨɜɚɧɭ ɤɸɜɟɬɭ ɯɟɦɿɥɸɦɿɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɿ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɏɅ, ɹɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɢɳɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɇɑ ɜ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɡ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬɨɦ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ, ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɚɛɨ ɬɟɪɬ-ɛɭɬɢɥɝɿɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɿɞ (t-BHP). Ɉɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɢ (2 ɦɆ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɚɛɨ 100 ɦɤɦ t-BHP) ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɡɪɚɡɤɿɜ ɞɨ (ɡɚ 10 ɯɜ) ɚɛɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 10 ɯɜ) ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɇɑ. Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ 30 ɯɜɢɥɢɧ, ɩɿɫɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɏɅ ɩɪɨɛ. ȼ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɿɨɥɟɬɨɜɟ (ɍɎ) ɿ ɱɟɪɜɨɧɟ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ. Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ɍɎ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɍɎ-ɥɚɦɩɚ ɡ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɽɸ 180 Ⱦɠ/ɦ2. Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ɱɟɪɜɨɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɜ ɝɟɥɿɣɧɟɨɧɨɜɢɣ ɥɚɡɟɪ ɅȽɇ 208Ȼ, Ȝ = 632,8 ɧɦ, ɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶ 1,5 ɦȼɬ. ȼ ɨɛɨɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 5 ɯɜ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ, ɫɜɿɠɟɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ (ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ 5×105 ɤɥ/ɦɥ) ɿɧɤɭɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɇɑ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ (ɤɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɡɪɚɡɤɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 0,05 ɝ/ɥ) ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 1, 3 ɚɛɨ 24 ɝɨɞ. ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɿ Ʉɪɟɛɫɚ – Ƚɟɧɡɟɥɟɣɬɚ, ɪɇ 7,4 (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɚ ɧɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɥɚ ɇɑ). ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɿ ɱɚɫɭ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɜɿɞɦɢɜɚɥɢ ɜɿɞ ɇɑ, ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ 0,05 Ɇ ɬɪɢɫ-ɛɭɮɟɪɿ, ɪɇ 7,4. ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɏɅ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɬɢɯ ɠɟ ɭɦɨɜ, ɳɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɜɢɳɟ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ Ɇɏ, ɫɜɿɠɟɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɿ Ɇɏ (ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɛɿɥɤɚ 41,89±0,85 ɦɝ/ɦɥ) ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ 0,1 M ɬɪɢɫ-ɛɭɮɟɪɿ, ɪɇ 7,4. ɉɨɬɿɦ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɇɑ (ɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɜ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɯ – 0,05 ɝ/ɥ), ɿ 51 ɡɪɚɡɤɢ ɿɧɤɭɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ 25°C ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 20 ɯɜ., ɩɿɫɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɨɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɜ ɥɿɞ. ȱɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɹ Ɇɏ ɡ ɇɑ ɩɪɢ 25°C ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 20 ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɧɿɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ Ɇɏ ɦɿɠ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɦɢ (ɛɟɡ ɇɑ), ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ 25°C ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 20 ɯɜ., ɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɥɶɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɭɫɶɨɝɨ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɭ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ. ȼɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɏɅ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɬɢɯ ɠɟ ɭɦɨɜ, ɳɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɜɢɳɟ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ, ɡɚ 100% ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɚ ɏɅ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ. ɉɨɥɹɪɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ. Ⱦɢɯɚɧɧɹ Ɇɏ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ Ʉɥɚɪɤɚ [170] ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɨɜɚɧɿɣ ɤɸɜɟɬɿ (30ɨ ɋ) ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ: 150 ɦɆ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɚ; 75 ɦɆ KCl; 10 ɦɆ KH2PO4; 2 ɦɆ MgCl2; 10 ɦɆ ɬɪɢɫ-HCl; pH 7,4, 41,89±0,85 ɦɝ/ɦɥ ɛɿɥɤɚ ɜ 1 ɦɥ. ɋɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɝɥɭɬɚɦɚɬ (4 ɦɆ) ɬɚ ɦɚɥɚɬ (4 ɦɆ). Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɨɝɨ ȺȾɎ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 400 ɦɤɆ. Ⱦɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɹɪɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɭ ɤɸɜɟɬɭ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɬɢɩɭ ɜɢɦɿɪɸɜɚɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ: ȿȽɌȺ – 1 ɚɛɨ 2 ɦɤɆ, ȻɋȺ (ɡɧɟɠɢɪɟɧɢɣ, V ɮɪɚɤɰɿɹ) – 1 ɦɝ/ɦɥ. Ɂɚ ɤɪɢɜɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ Ɇɏ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɚɯ 2 ɿ 3 ɡɚ ɑɚɧɫɨɦ (V2 ɿ V3), ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ (ȾɄ, V3/V2). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ, ɡɚ 100% ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ ȺɌɎ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ Ɇɏ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ȺɌɎ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ: 100 ɦɆ ɬɪɢɫ-HCl; 1 ɦɆ ȿȾɌȺ; 2 ɦɆ MgCl2; 4 ɦɆ ɇȺȾɎ×Na ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɢɯ ɝɟɤɫɨɝɟɧɚɡɢ – 5 ɨɞ/ɦɥ (+0,02% ȻɋȺ ɚɛɨ 72 ɦɝ/ɦɥ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ) ɿ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨ-6ɮɨɫɮɚɬɭ (ɜɿɞ 0,35 ɞɨ 25 ɨɞ/ɦɥ) ɡɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ [171], ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɦ ɜ [172]. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ, ɡɚ 100% ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɪɿɜɧɹ ȺɌɎ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ. 52 ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɦɿɫɬɭ ɛɿɥɤɚ. ȼɦɿɫɬ ɛɿɥɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ Ȼɪɟɞɮɨɪɞɚ [173]. Ɉɛɪɨɛɤɚ ɞɚɧɢɯ. Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɨɛɪɨɛɥɹɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ «Statistika 6.0» (StatSoft, ɋɒȺ). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ± ɩɨɯɢɛɤɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ. ȼɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɥɢ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ t-ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɣ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ. ȼɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɜɚɠɚɥɢ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɜɿɪɱɨʀ ɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ 0,05. 2.4. Ɉɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɚ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ɇɚɪɤɟɜɢɱɚ ɿ ɏɨɟɤɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿʀ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɿ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ- ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɢɫɭɽ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ Ɇɚɪɤɟɜɢɱɟɦ ɿ ɏɨɟɤɨɦ [129]. Ⱦɚɧɚ ɲɥɹɯɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ ɿ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȺɎɄ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ I ɿ III ɿ ɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ (Ɋɢɫ. 2.5). Ⱦɚɧɚ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɢɤɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ: 1) Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ I: ɮɥɚɜɿɧ ɦɨɧɨɧɭɤɥɟɨɬɢɞ, ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɥɿɡɨ-ɫɿɪɱɚɧɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɿɜ, ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ N3 ɿ N1Ⱥ ɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɸɬɶɫɹ N2 ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɦ, ɿ ɤɨɟɧɡɢɦ Q. 2) Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III: ɤɨɟɧɡɢɦ Q, ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɢ bL, b, bH, c1. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ II ɿ IV ɜ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɧɟ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɪɹɦɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ȺɎɄ. 53 Ɋɢɫ. 2.5. Ʉɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ [129]. ɉɨɜɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ, ɳɨ ɨɩɢɫɭɸɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨʀ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɫɯɟɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 2.5), ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ 40 ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.6. 54 Ɋɢɫ. 2.6. Ɋɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɿ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ [129]. Ɂɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɽɸ ɡ ɞɚɧɨɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɥɸ, ɞɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ȺȺ, ɳɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪ Qi ɫɚɣɬɭ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿ III ɜ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɿ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɝ Ɇɏ. 55 2.5. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ ȼ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɢ ɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ Ɏɍɉɉ («ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɩɨɥɢɨɦɢɟɥɢɬɚ ɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɯ ɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɢɬɨɜ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ɉ. ɑɭɦɚɤɨɜɚ» ɊȺɆɇ); ɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɤɭ ɤɪɨɜɿ ɟɦɛɪɿɨɧɿɜ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɪɨɝɚɬɨʀ ɯɭɞɨɛɢ (ɈɈɈ «ȻɢɨɥɨɌ», Ɋɨɫɿɹ); AȾɎ, ATɎ, GSH, ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ, ɝɥɭɬɚɦɚɬ, – ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɮɿɪɦɢ “Reanal” (ɍɝɨɪɳɢɧɚ); ɬɪɢɬɨɧ X–100 – ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɮɿɪɦɢ “Ferak” ɇɿɦɟɱɱɢɧɚ); ȿȾɌȺ, ɦɚɥɚɬ, ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ, HEPES, ɛɢɱɚɱɢɣ ɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɿɧ (ɡɧɟɠɢɪɟɧɢɣ, V ɮɪɚɤɰɿɹ) – ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɮɿɪɦɢ “Sigma”, (ɋɒȺ), ɆɌɌ – ɬɟɫɬ – ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɮɿɪɦɢ «MERC», (ɋɒȺ); ɥɸɦɿɧɨɥ – ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɮɿɪɦɢ Applichem, (ɋɒȺ), ɿ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɑȾȺ, ɏɑ ɢ Ɉɋɑ. ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 2 1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɛɚɡɚ ɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɹɤɿɫɧɭ ɿ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɭ ɨɰɿɧɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ. 2. 3. ȼɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ. ȼɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɨ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɿɦɟɬɪɿɿ. 4. ɋɭɱɚɫɧɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɜɫɟɛɿɱɧɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. 5. Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɛɿɨɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɿɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ. ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɦɿɤɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɿɦɟɬɪɿɿ ɿ 56 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 3 ȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɇə ɁȾȺɌɇɈɋɌȱ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȱ ɊȱȾɄȱɋɇɈɁȿɆȿɅɖɇɂɏ ȿɅȿɆȿɇɌȱȼ ȱɇȺɄɌɂȼɍȼȺɌɂ ɊȺȾɂɄȺɅɂ ȼ ɆɈȾȿɅɖɇɂɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɏ 3.1. Ɋɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ əɤ ɜɠɟ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɹ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ «ɨɝɥɹɞ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ», ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɥɢɜɿ. Ɋɹɞ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɹɽ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ [58-66], ɚɥɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ [73-76]: ɜ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢɤɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɱɢ ɡɚɩɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɭ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɶ. Ɍɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɊɁȿ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɲ ɧɿɠ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɨɰɿɧɢɬɢ, ɹɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɿ ɡ'ɹɫɭɜɚɬɢ, ɹɤ ɡɦɿɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ ɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɛɭɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɏɅ. Ⱦɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ [174-176], ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɦɚɽ ɧɢɡɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝ: 1) ɧɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɯɿɞ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɚɯ, ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɿ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚɯ, ɞɟ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɿɬɿɧɧɹ; 2) ɜɢɫɨɤɨɱɭɬɥɢɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɏɅ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɽ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɧɚɣɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɲɿ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɧɢɤɚɸɱɟ ɦɚɥɚ, ɿ ɜ ɰɶɨɦɭ – ɣɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ. 57 ɉɟɪɲɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ – ɰɟ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɦ Ɏɟɧɬɨɧɚ. ɍ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɭɥɚ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɚ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɜɫɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɿ ɇɑ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ (ɳɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ) ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ – ɞɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɩɚɥɚɯɭ ɿ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɚ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.1). Ɋɢɫ. 3.1. ȱɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɩɪɢ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɏɅ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɦ Ɏɟɧɬɨɧɚ. ɐɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɋɈȾ-ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɿɧɭ [79]: ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ (ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ 50%) ɩɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɨ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ 0,002 ɝ/ɥ. ɋɥɚɛɤɚ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɚɫɹ ɿ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ 58 ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ. Ⱥɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɜ ɡɿ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ. ɍ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɱɚɫ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɚ – ɿɧɜɟɪɫɿɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ – ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɢɯ (1-2 ɧɦ) ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ʀɯ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɨɸ ɫɯɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɞɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿʀ ɡɿ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ. Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ, ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɭɦɨɜ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɭ, ɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɦɭ, ɫɭɛɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɚɛɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ. Ɂɦɿɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ, ɿɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ, ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɨɯ ɪɿɜɧɹɯ: 1) ɯɿɦɿɱɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɿɫɬɶ ɹɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɞɨɦɿɲɨɤ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɫɩɨɥɭɤ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɥɨʀɞɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɚɯ), 2) ɮɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɡ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɿɡɿ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ [42]. Ɍɨɦɭ ɞɚɥɿ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɹɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ, ɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɥɿɩɨɩɪɨɬɟʀɧɢ ɹɽɱɧɨɝɨ ɠɨɜɬɤɚ, ɡɚ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɆȾȺ, ɹɤɢɣ ɽ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɉɈɅ ɿ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ȺɈȺ ɇɑ. Ȼɭɥɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ, ɹɤ ɦɚɥɿ (ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 1-2 ɧɦ), ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.2). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚ ɞɿɹ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ, ɿ ɭ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɹ. 59 Ɋɢɫ. 3.2. Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɡ ɥɿɩɨɩɪɨɬɟʀɧɚɦɢ ɠɨɜɬɤɚ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ɉɨɞɚɥɶɲɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɿɣ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ). 30-ɬɢ ɯɜɢɥɢɧɧɚ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɹ ɡ ɦɚɥɢɦɢ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɦɢ ɇɑ ɿ 1-2 ɧɦ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɞɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.3). ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɠ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ ɡɧɢɠɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.3). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɨɛɨɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɛɭɜ ɨɞɧɨɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɦ – ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɦ, ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɞɿɸ. 60 Ɋɢɫ. 3.3. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ) ɡ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɦ Ɏɟɧɬɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ɉɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɜɫɹ ɿ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ Ɇɏ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.4). əɤ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɡ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ, Ɇɏ – ɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɿɲɟɧɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɇɑ, ɿ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɧɚ ɞɿɸ ɇɑ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɚɦɟ ʀɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɽɸ ɡ Ɇɏ [42,177]. Ⱥɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɹ ȺɎɄ Ɇɏ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ (1-2 ɧɦ) ɡ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚɦɢ Ɇɏ, ɫɨɪɛɰɿʀ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɜɢɫɨɤɨʀ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɇɑ. ȼ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ʀɯ ɞɭɠɟ ɦɚɥɢɦɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɦɚɥɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹɬɢ ɡ ɿɨɧɧɢɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɱɢ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɧɹ Ɇɏ ɿ ɜɬɪɚɬɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɤɪɢɫɬ [42]. 61 ɇɚɫɥɿɞɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɦɢ ɽ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ ɿ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ. Ɋɢɫ. 3.4. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ɇɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ, ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 1 ɝɨɞ. ɡ ɇɑ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɏɅ, ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ 8-10 ɧɦ (ɪɢɫ. 3.5). ȼɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɦɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɧɚ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɸ 62 ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɿɫɬɸ ɿ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ, ɿ ɡ ɛɿɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿɫɬɸ ɇɑ. Ɋɢɫ. 3.5. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɩɿɫɥɹ 1 ɝɨɞ. ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɂɦɿɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɆȾȺ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɇɑ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ (ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 1-2 ɧɦ) ɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɞɿɸ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ 8-10 ɧɦ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.6). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ (8-10 ɧɦ) ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ 3-ɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɿ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ. 63 Ɋɢɫ. 3.6. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɆȾȺ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɩɿɫɥɹ 1 ɝɨɞ. ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɇɑ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɢ, ɚɛɨ ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ, ɩɨɫɢɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɿ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ (ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ), ɿ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ Ɇɏ, ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ (ɤɪɿɦ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ). Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɬɟ, ɳɨ Ɇɏ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɥɹ ɇɑ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ. ȼ ɞɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɽ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿɣ, ɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɧɟ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ 64 ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. Ɉɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɽ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨʀ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ. Ɏɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɪɿɜɧɟɜɨʀ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ. ɉɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɡɫɭɜɭ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ ɦɿɠ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢ ʀɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɿʀ ɽ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɨɸ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɿ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ. Ɂɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɿ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ ɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɨɦ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɨɹɜɢ ɩɭɥɭ ɤɚɬɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɜ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɧɨɸ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɸ (ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ Fe2+), ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ. Ɍɚɤɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɽ ɞɿɸ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɟɫɨɜɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ. ȺɎɄ ɜ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɝɪɚɬɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɢɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɞɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ [178]. Ɇɚɛɭɬɶ, ɰɿ ɠ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɨɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɤɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɿ ɜ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɇɑ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ ɿ Ɇɏ. 3.2. ȿɮɟɤɬɢ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɡɦɿɧ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ əɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɢɳɟ ɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɹ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ «ɨɝɥɹɞ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ», ɩɪɨɹɜ ɩɪɨ- ɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɑ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɡ ɹɤɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸɬɶ, ɿ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ Ɇɏ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ, ɳɨ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɫɬɚɧɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɥɢ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɨ- ɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɎȾɌ, ɡɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɿ. 65 Ɉɰɿɧɤɭ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɿ t-BHP, ɇɑ ɛɭɥɢ ɞɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɨ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ. əɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ 3.7, ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɿ ɇɑ, ɦɚɥɿ 1-2 ɧɦ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɊɁȿ ɩɨɫɢɥɸɜɚɥɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ. ȿɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɧɦ ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɰɿɧɢɬɢ ɹɤ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ. Ɇɚɥɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɩɨɫɢɥɸɜɚɥɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɛɭɥɢ ɞɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɿ t-BHP. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɦɚɥɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɚɥɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɨɫɢɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɿɧɞɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ. Ʌɢɲɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɹ ɡɪɚɡɤɿɜ ɡ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɥɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɇ2Ɉ2, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɿ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.7), ɩɪɨɬɟ ɞɚɧɿ ɇɑ ɧɟ ɱɢɧɢɥɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ t-BHP. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɤɥɸɱɨɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɜ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ʀɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɦɚɥɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɿ, ɜ ɦɟɧɲɿɣ ɦɿɪɿ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ. Ɇɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɸɱɚ ɡɿ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɇɑ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɚ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɡ ɛɿɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, GSH. ɐɟ, ɦɚɛɭɬɶ, ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɸ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɞɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ. 66 Ɋɢɫ. 3.7. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɛɟɡɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɹɤɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ, ɧɚ ɮɨɧɿ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ 1 ɦɆ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɿ 50 ɦɤɦ t-BHP; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɇɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɦ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɆȻ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɆȻ – ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤ, ɹɤɢɣ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɎȾɌ [179], ɿ ɜ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɇɑ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɢɣ ɹɤ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɛɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɜ ɯɨɞɿ ɎȾɌ. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ» ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.8) ɿ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ) (Ɋɢɫ. 3.9) ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. 67 Ɋɢɫ. 3.8. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ» ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ); (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). əɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɿɜ, ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ» ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɿ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɨ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɹɤ ɰɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ. ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɇɑ ɜ ɨɛɨɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɇɑ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɇɑ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɿ ɆȻ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ (ɪɢɫ 3.9). 68 Ɋɢɫ. 3.9. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ» ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ) (ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ); (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ɍ ɎȾɌ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɫɹɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɛ'ɽɤɬɿɜ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɡ ɩɟɜɧɨɸ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸ ɯɜɢɥɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚɯ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɦ ɽ ɹɤ ɜɢɛɿɪ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɨɩɬɢɦɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɇɑ ɞɥɹ ɎɌȾ. Ɏɨɬɨɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ) ɿɧɞɭɤɭɜɚɥɢ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɝɟɥɿɣ-ɧɟɨɧɨɜɢɦ ɥɚɡɟɪɨɦ, Ȝ=632,8 ɧɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɜ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɥɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ». 69 Ɋɢɫ. 3.10. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ» ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ) ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɿ ɝɟɥɿɣ-ɧɟɨɧɨɜɢɦ ɥɚɡɟɪɨɦ, Ȝ = 632,8 ɧɦ (ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ); (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ȱɧɲɢɦ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɨɦ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ, ɳɨ ɿɧɞɭɤɭɽ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɫɬɚɥɨ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹ ɍɎ. ɉɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɍɎ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɥɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɢɣ. ɉɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚ ɞɿɹ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɧɟ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɥɚɫɹ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.11). 70 Ɋɢɫ. 3.11. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɡ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬɨɦ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɿ ɍɎ (ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ); (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɂɚɯɢɫɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɍɎ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ ɿ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ», ɚ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ (ɪɢɫ 3.12). ɐɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɮɨɬɨɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ, ɚ ɛɨ ɠ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨ ɭ ɎȾɌ ɫɬɚɧ, ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤ (ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɚ ɱɢ ɞɢɦɟɪɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ), ɞɭɠɟ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ, ɚɞɠɟ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɢ ɱɢ ɞɢɦɟɪɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɿ ɞɨ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɮɨɬɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɭ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɢɳɟɧɧɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ [179]. ȼ ɧɚɲɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ» 71 ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɞɢɦɟɪɿɜ ɇ-ɬɢɩɭ (Ȝmax=568 ɧɦ) ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɸ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɿɜ (Ȝmax=665 ɧɦ). Ɋɢɫ. 3.12. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ «ɇɑ-ɆȻ» ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ) ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɿ ɍɎ (ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɢ ɏɅ); (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ) Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɪɿɡɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɇɑ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɭɦɨɜ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɭ ɿ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɫɬɚɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɞɿɸ. Ɂɚɯɢɫɧɭ ɞɿɸ ɇɑ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨ ɞɚɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ, ɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɭɜɚɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜɿɞ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɇɑ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɦɚɥɿ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ, ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɢ ɿ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞ ɰɟɪɿɸ, 72 ɧɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɩɨɫɢɥɸɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɬɿɨɥɚɦɢ. Ɉɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɇɑ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɞɿɸ, ɛɭɥɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɭ ɇɑ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ GSH. GSH ɡɚɯɢɳɚɽ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɿɨɬɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɽ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɿ. Ɇɚɥɿ ɇɑ (ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ ɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢɤɢ CeO2-ɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 1-2 ɧɦ), ɹɤɿ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ (ɩɿɞɫɢɥɸɸɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ) (ɪɢɫ. 3.3, 3.5), ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ GSH ɧɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ – ɫɜɿɬɥɨɫɭɦɚ ɫɩɚɥɚɯɭ ɏɅ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɚ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.13). ɐɿɥɤɨɦ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ, ɜ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɿ GSH/GSSG ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɪɹɦɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɡ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɸ ɱɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɢ, ɚɛɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧ S-ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɨɸ. Ⱦɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɬɨɦɚ ɫɿɪɤɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɚɯ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɢɞɿɜ, ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɭɪɨɜɨʀ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɢ, ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɯ GSH ɡ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɚɦɢ. ɐɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɜ ɩɟɱɿɧɰɿ ɿ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɿɨɬɢɤɿɜ. 73 Ɋɢɫ. 3.13. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ GSH ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ) (ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɏɅ); (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɉɰɿɧɤɚ ɩɪɹɦɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɡ GSH ɿ GSSG, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɳɨ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɨɛɨɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɨʀ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɨɛɨɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ pH (pH 7,4), ɽ 0,5 ɦM. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɧɢɡɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɣ GSH ɜɿɞ 0,1 ɦM ɞɨ 0,4 ɦM ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹ ɇɑ ɡ GSH ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɠɧɿɣ ɿɡ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɣ, ɳɨ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɿ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɿɽɸ. ɍ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɱɚɫ, ɩɪɢ pH 7,8 ɠɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɣ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɥɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ. 74 ɍ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ɜɢɜɱɚɜɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ pH ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɜɿɞ 6,9 ɞɨ 7,8. əɤ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɿ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ, ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ GSH ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɤɢɫɥɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɇ ɫɩɪɢɹɸɬɶ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɸ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ GSH. Ⱦɚɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɟɫɿ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ [180]. Ɍɚɤ, ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ GSH ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɽ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ DCFH ɿ 2-ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢɪɢɛɨɡɢ ɜ 4 ɪɚɡɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɿɲɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 6,8, ɧɿɠ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 7,4. ɋɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɠ, ɳɨ ɭ ɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ [181] ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ GSH ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɢɧɚɣɦɧɿ, ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ, ɚ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɿ ɜɿɞ ɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɥɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɨɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɧɟɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɝɿɞɪɢɥɶɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ GSH, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɰɿɽʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɜ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɿɚɩɚɡɨɧɿ ɪɇ ɜɿɞ 6,9 ɞɨ 7,8 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɳɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɆȾȺ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɛɪɨɛɤɢ ɇɑ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɪɇ (Ɋɢɫ. 3.14). 75 Ɋɢɫ. 3.14. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ ɉɈɅ – ɆȾȺ ɩɪɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɪɇ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɨɹɜ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɪɇ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ GSH ɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ, ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɪɇ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ GSH (ɡɦɿɧɚ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ GSH/GSSG ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɢ). ɐɟ ɽ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 7,8. Ɂ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɛɨɤɭ, ɫɯɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɞɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿʀ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɲɤɿɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. ȼ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɦɢ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚɽɦɨ, ɳɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ (GdYVO4:Eu3+ ɢ CeO2-ɯ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 1-2 ɧɦ) ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɡɦɿɧɨɸ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɇɑ [182], ɿ 76 ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɰɶɨɝɨ – ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ. ȼɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɇɑ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɪɇ 7,4 ɜ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɦ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ, ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ, ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɞɿʀ, ɳɨ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ. Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɇɑ. Ɍɨɤɫɢɱɧɿ (ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ) ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ, ɜɨɱɟɜɢɞɶ, ɩɪɹɦɨɸ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɽɸ ɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ ɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ Ɇɏ, ɹɤɿ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ. ȼɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹ ɇɑ ɡ GSH, ɳɨ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɿ ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ, ɱɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. ȼɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ GSH ɜ ɛɟɡɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɰɟ ɩɪɢɩɭɳɟɧɧɹ. ɉɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɍɎ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɜɚɥɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɿ ɿ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɇɑ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ, ɜɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɿɜ ɨɩɪɨɦɿɧɟɧɧɹ, ɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɰɿɹɦɢ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ. 77 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 3 ȼ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɊɁȿ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɿɡɧɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɫɬɿ. ɉɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɬɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɇɑ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɿɞ ʀɯ ɮɿɡɢɤɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ. 8. ɍ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ Ɇɏ, ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɢɩɭɳɟɧɧɹ, ɳɨ Ɇɏ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ. 9. ȼɢɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣɧɨɸ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɰɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ʀɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɛɿɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ, ʀɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɡ ɧɚɧɨɪɨɡɦɿɪɧɢɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. 10. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ʀɯ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡɿ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɬɚ ɡ ʀɯ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ, ɳɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɡ ɛɿɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ, ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɭ ɚɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɿɸ ɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɇɑ. 11. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɚ ɪɨɥɶ GSH ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ 4, ɨɩɭɛɥɿɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ [2,6,183185]. 7. 78 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 4 ȼɉɅɂȼ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɆȱɌɈɏɈɇȾɊȱȺɅɖɇɂɃ ɉɈɌȿɇɐȱȺɅ ɌȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɂ ȾɂɏȺɇɇə ȱ ɈɄɂɋɅɘȼȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɎɈɋɎɈɊɂɅɘȼȺɇɇə. ɆȿɏȺɇȱɁɆɂ ȾȱȲ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɆȱɌɈɏɈɇȾɊȱȺɅɖɇȱ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɂ 4.1. Ɉɰɿɧɤɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ JC-1 ɋɟɪɟɞ ɡɨɧɞɿɜ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ǻȌm, ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɿ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɿ ɪɨɞɚɦɿɧɭ ɿ ɤɚɪɛɨɰɢɚɧɿɧɢ. Ⱦɨ ʀɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɠɢɬɬɽɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ [186]. ɍ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ǻȌm ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɪɨɞɚɦɿɧɚ ɿ ɤɚɪɛɨɰɢɚɧɿɧɿɜ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝɢ ɦɚɽ ɥɿɩɨɮɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɚɬɿɨɧ JC–1. JC–1 ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɿ ǻȌm ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɫɚɜɰɿɜ ɿ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹɯ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ, ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɪɇ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɿ ɩɟɜɧɿɣ ɿɨɧɧɿɣ ɫɢɥɿ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹɦ. Ʌɿɩɨɮɿɥɶɧɿ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɢ ɮɥɭɨɪɨɯɪɨɦɚ ɚɤɭɦɭɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɿ Ɇɏ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɦ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ǻȌm. JC–1 ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɢɜɱɚɬɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ǻȌm, ɿ, ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɜɿɡɭɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ Ɇɏ ɡ ɧɢɡɶɤɢɦ ɿ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɨɦ. ɍɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɜ Ɇɏ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɿ Ɇɏ ɿ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ǻȌm. Ɋɿɡɧɿ ɚɝɟɧɬɢ ɿ ɥɿɤɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɢ ɪɭɣɧɭɸɬɶ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɞɿɽɧɬ, ɿ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɞɟɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɿɸ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɢ ɿ ɜɬɪɚɬɭ ɠɨɜɬɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ JC–1, ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɧɚɱɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ǻȌm ɦɿɠ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɩɪɨ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ 79 ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɭɛɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿɣ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɨɦ, ɿ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɯɨɧɞɪɿɨɦɚ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ [187,188]. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɿɧɰɿ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ Ɇɏ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ Jɋ-1 ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɿɜ ɿ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ʀɯ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ. Ɋɹɞ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɽɦ ɽ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ [189]. ɉɪɢɣɦɚɸɱɢ ɞɨ ɭɜɚɝɢ ɰɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ʉɪɭɧɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ, ɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɛɭɜ ɨɛɪɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɡɦɿɧ ǻȌm ɜ ɿɧɬɚɤɬɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɿ ɧɚ ɬɥɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɞɭɥɸɸɬɶ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ, ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɿ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ Ɇɏ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɽ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɤɪɢɜɭ ɡ ɜɢɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɞɨ 60 ɯɜ. ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ. Ȼɟɪɭɱɢ ɞɨ ɭɜɚɝɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ, ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɛɚɪɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ (Ɋɢɫ 4.1). 80 Ɋɢɫ. 4.1. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɡɨɧɞɭ JC-1 ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɦɢ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ ɳɭɪɿɜ. Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɿɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 ɩɪɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɚɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ (Ɋɢɫ. 4.2, ɤɪɢɜɚ ʋ 1). əɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɜ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɮɨɪɚ FCCP (1 ɦɤɆ) ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɿ ɡɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɤɭ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɡ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ Ȝ=590 ɧɦ (Ɋɢɫ. 4.2, ɤɪɢɜɚ ʋ 2, Ɋɢɫ. 4.3), ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɞɨ ɡɦɿɧ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ. 81 Ɋɢɫ. 4.2. 1 – ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 ɜ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ; 2 – ɜɩɥɢɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɮɨɪɚ FCCP (1 ɦɤɆ) ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 ɜ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ Ȝɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɹ = 450-490 ɧɦ. 82 Ɋɢɫ. 4.3. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɮɨɪɚ FCCP ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ Jɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɇɿɤɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɿɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɿɥɶ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɿɜ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɿɣ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɿ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ 4.4 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. ɉɟɪɢɮɟɪɿɣɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɡɨɧɞɚ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ Ɇɏ ɡ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɨɦ [190]. 83 Ɋɢɫ. 4.4. Ɏɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɿ ɩɪɨɮɿɥɿ ɞɜɨɯ (Ⱥ ɿ Ȼ) ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ, ɡɚɛɚɪɜɥɟɧɢɯ JC-1. Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ (1) ɿ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɿɜ (2) ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ. Ɂɚ ɞɟɹɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ, ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ Ɇɏ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ [42,191]. Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɿ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɢ (50 ɦɤɆ t-BHP ɿ 1 ɦɆ ɇ2Ɉ2) ɛɭɥɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɿ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɪɨɥɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿ ɿɧɞɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ ǻȌm (ɪɢɫ. 4.5). ɋɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɱɚɦɢ ɭɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ (2 ɦɆ DTT ɿ 2 ɦɆ GSH) ɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɬɢ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ Ɇɏ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɰɿɧɟɧɿ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɨʀ ɦɿɤɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɿɦɟɬɪɿɿ ɡɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ. 1ɦɆ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫ, ɿ, ɹɤ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ, ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ. Ɂɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɇ2Ɉ2 84 ɿɧɞɭɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɜ 100 ɪɚɡɿɜ ɧɢɠɱɟ, ɧɿɠ ɭ t-BHP. əɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɡ ɪɢɫ. 4.5, t-BHP ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽ ɡɧɚɱɧɟ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ǻȌm, ɜɨɱɟɜɢɞɶ, ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ. ȼɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ GSH ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɣ, ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ȾɌɌ, ɡɚɯɢɫɬ Ɇɏ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ t-BHP (ɪɢɫ. 4.5). Ɋɢɫ. 4.5. Ɂɦɿɧɢ ǻȌm ɜ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɿ ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ – 1 ɦɆ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɿ 50 ɦɤɆ t-BHP, ɿ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɚ ɞɿɹ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ – 2 ɦɦ ȾɌɌ ɿ 2 ɦɆ GSH; ɱɚɫ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ – 24 ɝɨɞ. (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). 85 Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɜɢɫɨɤɭ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɦɿɧ ǻȌm, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ. ɓɨɛ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɢɬɢ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɸ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸ ɇɑ ɡ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ JC–1 ɿ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɢɬɢ ɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ, ɦɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ. Ȼɭɥɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɽ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ JC–1, ɩɪɨ ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɡɨɧɞɚ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ (Ɋɢɫ. 4.6). Ɋɢɫ. 4.6. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɢ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɧɧɹ JC–1 (ɋ=10-6 M) ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɭ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɊɁȿ (ɋ=0,05 ɝ/ɥ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ JC-1 ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ Ɇɏ. 86 ɇɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɽ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨʀ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿʀ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɇɑ 15-20 ɧɦ. ȼɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɦɟɧɲɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɢ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɿʀ-ɞɢɮɭɡɿʀ. Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɦɿɤɪɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC–1, ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɸɱɢ ɡɚ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ Ɇɏ, ɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɧɨɤɨɞɚɡɨɥ ɿ ɰɢɬɨɯɨɥɚɡɿɧ Ⱦ – ɫɩɨɥɭɤɢ, ɹɤɿ ɛɥɨɤɭɸɬɶ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡ, ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɦɚɥɿ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ ɇɑ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɢ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ ɿ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ Ɇɏ (ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɡɨɧɞɚ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɇɑ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ), ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɧɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ (ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɿ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɿɜ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ). ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɿ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɢ ɧɟ ɱɢɧɢɥɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ (Ɋɢɫ. 4.7). 87 Ɋɢɫ. 4.7. Ɉɰɿɧɤɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɇɑ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ: ɡɦɿɧɢ ǻȌm ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɿ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɚɦɢ (ɧɨɤɨɞɚɡɨɥ, ɋ = 10 ɦɤɆ, ɰɢɬɨɯɨɥɚɡɿɧ Ⱦ, ɋ = 10 ɦɤɦ) ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɇɑ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ɒɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɽ ʀɯ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ ɜɠɟ ɡ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɝɨɞɢɧ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɢ. əɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ 4.8, ɦɚɥɿ (1-2 ɧɦ) ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɜɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɭ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ǻȌm. Ⱦɨ 3 ɝɨɞ. ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ǻȌm ɦɚɣɠɟ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɽɸ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ: ɜɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɧɢɡɶɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɭɽ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɭ [192]. Ɋɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ, ɳɨ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɽɸ 88 ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ. Ⱥɥɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ 24 ɝɨɞ. ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɟ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ J-ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɡɚɰɿɿ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɢ Ɇɏ, ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɨɦ ɱɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɹ ȺɎɄ ɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ. ɉɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɇɑ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɧɚ 3 ɝɨɞ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɭ, ɜɨɱɟɜɢɞɶ, ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ. ɋɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɿɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɨɛɨɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ, ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɡɝɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɦ ǻȌm, ɚɥɟ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ, ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɦɟɧɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɦ (ɪɢɫ. 4.8). Ɋɢɫ. 4.8. Ɉɰɿɧɤɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɇɑ ɡ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɰɿ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). 89 Ɂɪɨɫɬɚɧɹ ǻȌm ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɿɽɸ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɇɑ – ɰɢɬɪɚɬɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɽ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ. Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ, ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨ ɡ ɇɑ ɞɨ Ɇɏ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ. Ⱦɚɧɿ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ, ɤɨɪɟɥɸɸɬɶ ɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɆɌɌ-ɬɟɫɬɭ (ɪɢɫ. 4.9): ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɪɶɨɯɝɨɞɢɧɧɨʀ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɡ ɇɑ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɟɝɿɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɥɚɫɹ (140 ± 15% ɩɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ) ɩɿɞ ɞɿɽɸ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ. ɐɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɭɳɟɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ȺɎɄ ɿ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ǻȌm. Ɉɞɧɚɤ, ɬɚɤɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɦɚɥɢ ɥɢɲɟ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ (ɪɢɫ. 4.9). Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ ɟɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ, ɹɤɭ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɇɑ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ Ɇɏ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȺɎɄ, ɚ ɣ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹɬɢ ɡ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ [193]. Ɇɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɣ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧ Ɇɏ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɞɿɸ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɪɹɦɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɡ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɛɿɥɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɽ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɇɏ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɧɟɳɨɞɚɜɧɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɽ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɦ ɡ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɿɫɬɸ ɇɑ, ɿ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ [194]. 90 Ɋɢɫ. 4.9. Ɂɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɠɢɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɜɿɞ ɱɚɫɭ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɡ ɇɑ (ɆɌɌ-ɬɟɫɬ); (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). 4.2. ȼɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ Ⱦɥɹ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢ ʀɯ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ Ɇɏ. ȼɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɜɿɥɶɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɿɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɧɨɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɸ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɡɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɦɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ȺɎɄ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚɯ Ɇɏ −• [195]. Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ [196], ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ Ɉ2 , ɹɤɚ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ 91 ɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɛɨɹɯ ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɯ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɿɜ, ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɿɣɧɚ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɢɫɧɸ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɿ: I = q × V , ɞɟ q – ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɿɣɧɫɬɿ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɿɣɧɿɣ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ Ɇɏ, q ɦɨɠɟ ɧɚɛɥɢɡɢɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɭɥɹ, ɚɥɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ – ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ, ɳɨ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɽ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ (ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɚ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɧɚ ɝɿɩɨɤɫɿɹ, ɫɬɚɧ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɞɿɹ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɿɨɬɢɤɿɜ, ɇɑ ɬɚ ɿɧ.), ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɽ ɰɟɣ ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬ, ɿ, ɹɤ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ, −• ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɭ Ɉ2 ɜ Ɇɏ ɢ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɿ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ [196]. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ Ɇɏ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɢ ɝɥɭɬɚɦɚɬ ɡ ɦɚɥɚɬɨɦ. Ɇɏ ɿɧɤɭɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɇɑ 20 ɯɜ. ɩɪɢ 25°ɋ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɧɿɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ Ɇɏ ɦɿɠ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɦɢ (ɛɟɡ ɇɑ), ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ 25°C 20 ɯɜ. ɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɟɡ ɇɑ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɥɶɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɭɫɶɨɝɨ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɭ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ: ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɿ V2, ɹɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɽ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɢɫɧɸ Ɇɏ ɜ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ; ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɿ V3 – ɰɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɸɱɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ, ɹɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ȺȾɎ, ɤɨɥɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ Ɇɏ ɪɿɡɤɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ; ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ (ȾɄ), ɹɤɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɽ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ V2 ɿ V3 ɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɿ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ȺɌɎ ɜ Ɇɏ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ. Ⱦɚɧɿ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 4.10 ɿ 4.11, ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ, ɳɨ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇȺȾ-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɿɜ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬɚ ɿ ɪɨɬɟɧɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ Ɇɏ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɢɞɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ. 92 əɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ 4.10, ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɿɧɝɿɛɭɸɱɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɦɚɥɿ (1-2 ɧɦ) ɨɪɬɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ, ɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢ V2 ɜ 2,5 ɪɚɡɢ, ɚ V3 – ɦɚɣɠɟ ɜ 3,5 ɪɚɡɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ (ɪɢɫ. 4.11). ɑɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɧɟ ɱɢɧɢɥɢ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ V2 (ɪɢɫ. 4.10) ɿ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɡɧɢɠɭɜɚɥɢ V3, ɦɚɥɢɣ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɡɧɢɠɭɜɚɜ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ V3 ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɟɜɢɪɚɡɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 4.11). Ɋɢɫ. 4.10. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɿ V2; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). 93 Ɋɢɫ. 4.11. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɸɱɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɿ V3; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). əɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ 4.12, ɦɚɥɿ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ȾɄ ɧɟ ɱɢɧɢɥɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ V2 ɿ V3. ɑɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ 25×8 ɿ 57×6-8 ɧɦ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɟ ɱɢɧɢɥɢ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ȾɄ. ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ (ɪɢɫ.4.12). 94 Ɋɢɫ. 4.12. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ɏɨɱɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɇɑ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɨ ɧɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ (ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɣ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ȾɄ), ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ȺɌɎ ɜ Ɇɏ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɰɟ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ – ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɿ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ (Ɋɢɫ. 4.13). 95 Ɋɢɫ. 4.12. Ɋɿɜɟɧɶ ȺɌɎ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɇɑ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ȿɮɟɤɬɢ, ɳɨ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ, ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɇɑ ɿ ʀɯ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜɬɪɭɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɧɨɪɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɿɜ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ. ȼɚɧɚɞɚɬ – ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ Ɇɏ, ɳɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɽ ɝɥɭɬɚɦɚɬ ɿ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɢɦ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬɞɟɝɿɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɢ ɿ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ȺɌɎɚɡ [49]. ɉɨɞɿɛɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɨɧɿɜ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɭ ɿ ɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ [197]. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɨɛɨɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɜ Ɇɏ, ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ʀɯ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɿ ɜɢɫɨɤɨʀ ɫɯɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɿ ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ ȺɌɎ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɬɪɚɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ǻȌm. 96 Ɍɟ, ɳɨ ɦɚɣɠɟ ɜɫɿ ɇɑ, ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ, ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɸɬɶ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ, ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɞɚɧɿ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɨɧɞɚ JC-1 ɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ ɽ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ. 4.3. Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɞɿɹ ɇɑ, ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ, ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɞɭɲɟɧɧɿ ɿ ɪɨɡ'ɽɞɧɚɧɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɚɞɿɧɧɿ ɪɿɜɧɹ ȺɌɎ ɿ ǻȌm ɿ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɽɸ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȺɎɄ. Ⱦɿɹ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɸ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ: ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ – ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɇɑ. ȼɛɭɞɨɜɚ ɇɑ ɜ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɢ, ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɞɿɸɱɨʀ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɨʀ Ɇɚɪɤɟɜɢɱɟɦ ɿ ɏɨɟɤɨɦ [129], ɹɤɚ ɨɩɢɫɭɽ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ. Ⱦɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɩɢɫɭɽ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ I ɿ III, ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɿ ɰɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ɿɧɝɿɛɿɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɽ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɪɇ ɿ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ. ɍ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɧɢɡɤɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ ɨɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɚɜɿɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɢɫɟɧɶ (ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹ 4.1) ɡ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ, ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɫɟɦɿɯɿɧɨɧ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿ ɡ CI.Q (ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹ 4.2) ɽ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿ I. Ɂɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɽɸ ɡ ɞɚɧɨɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɥɸ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɇɑ ɧɚɫɚɦɩɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɨɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ. 97 •− FMNH − + O2 = FMNH • + O2 ; V16 = k16 ⋅ ( FMNH − ⋅ O2 − FMNH • ⋅ O2 mx / K eq16 mx (4.1) •− CI ⋅ Q • − + O2 = CI • Q + O2 ; mx •− V17 = k17 ⋅ (CI • Q •− ⋅ O2 − CI • Q ⋅ O2 mx / K eq17 ) (4.2) ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɜ Qi ɫɚɣɬɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɬɢ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ȺɎɄ ɩɪɢ ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III ɚɧɬɢɦɿɰɿɧɨɦ Ⱥ (ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹ 4.3.). − bH QH • + bL• Q = bH QH • + bL• Q ; − • V34 = k34 ⋅ (bH •QH • ⋅ bL •Q − bH •QH ⋅ bL •Q ⋅ exp( F ⋅δ 2 ⋅ΔΨ / R ⋅ T ) / K eq 34 (4.3) Ⱦɚɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ [129] ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ ȺȺ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɽ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɭ bL ɤ bH, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ v34=0. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɩɪɢ ɹɤɢɯ v34=0, ɩɨ ɫɭɬɿ ɽ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɞɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɫɟɦɿɯɿɧɨɧɿɜ ɞɨ ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɭ bL, ɿ ɜɿɞ ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɚ bL ɤ bH ɜ Q0 ɫɚɣɬɿ. ȱɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ Qi ɫɚɣɬɭ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɜ Q0 ɫɚɣɬɿ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ Q-ɰɢɤɥɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɠɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɿ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɞɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɎȺȾ-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ Ɇɏ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɜ ɪɹɞɿ ɪɨɛɿɬ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ȺɎɄ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɧɿɠ 70% ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III. ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɚɝɭ ɰɶɨɦɭ, ɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ I ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ. Ⱦɚɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɦɚɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ. Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ [129] ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɜɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ȺɎɄ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ ǻȌm ɩɪɢ ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɿ Qi ɫɚɣɬɭ ȺȺ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɿ NADH ɿ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬɭ. ɐɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɧɚɱɧɟ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ O2−• 98 ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɦ ɮɥɚɜɿɧɦɨɧɨɧɭɤɥɟɨɬɢɞɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿ I ɩɪɢ ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ III, ɿ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ – ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ ɇɑ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɧɨɪɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɿɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ. ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɩɚɪɢ Ce4+/Ce3+=+1440ɦȼ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɩɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢ ɡ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɢ ʀɯ ɧɚ ɝɿɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ ɡ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ( OH • / HO − =+1900 ɦȼ). Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɭ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɭ ɦɟɧɲ ɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɞɨɩɭɭɱɨʀ ɩɚɪɢ Eu3+/Eu2+ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ Ɇɏ. Ⱥɥɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɝɿɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɚ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɜ ɛɟɡɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ. ɉɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɟ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɜ Ɇɏ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ ɡɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɰɿɤɥɿɧɝɚ, ɡ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɢɫɟɧɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɿɜ ɩɚɪɢ −• O2 / O2 =-137 ɦȼ ɿ ɞɨɩɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɿɨɧɚ Eu /Eu =-350ɦȼ. 3+ 2+ ɋɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɟ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ/ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɜ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɚɧɰɸɡɿ Ɇɏ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ 4.13. ɓɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ Ɇɏ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɽ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɦɚɥɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɫɯɢɥɶɧɿ ɞɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɿ ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɽ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɜ Ɇɏ. 99 Ɋɢɫ. 4.13. Ɂɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ. 100 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 4 ȼ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ ɽ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɩɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ: 1. Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɚ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɿɹ ɡ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɡɨɧɞɨɦ JC-1 ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɜɚɬɢ ǻȌm ɜ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɯ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ: ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɡ ɇɑ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ Jɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɤɚɡɭɽ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ. 2. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɡ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɿ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ Ɇɏ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ. 3. Ɂɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ǻȌm ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɇɑ, ɜɢɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ, ɤɨɪɟɥɸɽ ɡ ɩɪɢɞɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ Ɇɏ. 4. ɋɭɩɪɟɫɭɸɱɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɦɨɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɿɨɧɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɜɿɥɶɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɯ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɿ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿɫɬɸ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ, ɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɞɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ɡ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɦɢ. 5. Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɡ'ɹɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ 4, ɨɩɭɛɥɿɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ [1,3,5,7, 198-201]. 101 ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 5 ȼɉɅɂȼ ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɆȱɌɈɏɈɇȾɊȱȺɅɖɇɂɃ ɉɈɌȿɇɐȱȺɅ ȽȿɉȺɌɈɐɂɌȱȼ ɓɍɊȱȼ ɊȱɁɇɈȽɈ ȼȱɄɍ ȼɿɥɶɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɿɹ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɹ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɽ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɹ, ɚ ɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɶ, ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɜɿɤɨɦ [202-205]. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɿ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ ɜɿɥɶɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ȾɇɄ [206,207], ɛɿɥɤɿɜ [175,208] ɬɚ ɥɿɩɿɞɿɜ [209-211], ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɡ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɿ/ɚɛɨ ɡɧɢɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ. Ȼɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɹɞɭ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ [212-215], ɜɦɿɫɬɭ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ [216-219], ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ. əɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ 3, ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɨ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ. Ɂɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɤɪɨɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɇɑ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɞɫɢɥɸɸɬɶ ɿɧɞɭɤɰɿɸ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɿ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɽ Ɇɏ, ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɱɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ. ȼɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹ ɇɑ ɡ Ɇɏ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɱɚɫɭ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ, ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ ɇɑ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɧɟɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ ɭ ɛɭɞɨɜɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ, ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɬɢ ɜɿɤɨɜɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ Ɇɏ ɿ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ. ȱɫɧɭɽ ɡɧɚɱɧɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɿɜ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ [203,220] ɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨʀ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɟɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɿɜ [221,222] – ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ 102 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ – ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ Ɇɏ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ, ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɿ ɦɚɽ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɸ ɞɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ. Ɂ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɉɈɅ ɫɚɦɟ ɜ Ɇɏ. Ɉɱɿɤɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ Ɇɏ ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ. 5.1. Ⱦɿɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɿ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɇɚɦɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ǻȌm ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ ɿ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ǻȌm ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ 3-ɯ ɦɿɫɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɿ 20-ɿ ɦɿɫɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿʀ ɛɚɪɜɧɢɤɚ JC-1 ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ (Ɋɢɫ. 5.1). əɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ 4, ɦɚɥɿ ɇɑ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɿʀ-ɞɢɮɭɡɿʀ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɭ. ɐɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɇɑ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜ ɰɢɬɨɡɨɥɶ ɿ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ, ɬɚɤɿ ɹɤ ɹɞɪɨ ɿ Ɇɏ [223]. Ɂɦɿɧɢ ǻȌm ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɸ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɿ ʀɯ ɫɯɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɞɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɿʀ ɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ. ɐɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɤɨɪɟɥɸɸɬɶ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɭ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɰɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɛɿɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɿɡɧɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ 3. 103 Ɋɢɫ. 5.1. Ɏɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɿɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɿɜ JC -1 ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɣ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ Ɇɏ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɇɑ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ (Ɋɢɫ. 5.2). 104 Ɋɢɫ. 5.2. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɣ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ 3 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɇɟɧɲɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ (0,025 ɝ/ɥ) ɦɚɸɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɭ 20 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɭ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ 3 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɦɢ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɚɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 5.2, 5.3). Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɫɨɤɿɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ (0,05 ɝ/ɥ) ɫɭɩɪɟɫɭɸɱɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɧɚ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɢɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ: ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɰɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɿɲɟ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɸɬɶ Ɇɏ (ɪɢɫ. 5.3). 105 Ɋɢɫ. 5.3. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɣ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ 20 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). 1-2 ɧɦ ɇɑ CeO2-ɯ ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ 0,05 ɝ/ɥ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɟ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ǻȌm ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ (ɪɢɫ. 5.2, 5.3). Ɍɟ, ɳɨ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɿ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɦ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɿ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ. ɉɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ NAC ɿ GSH ɹɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɽ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɦɚɽ ɜɿɤɨɜɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ GSH ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ NAC ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɭɽ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ Ɇɏ. GSH ɽ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɨʀ 106 ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨʀ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɿɞɧɨɜɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɿ. ȼɢɫɧɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɭɥɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɭ ɿ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ GSH/GSSG ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢ ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɿʀ ɇɑ [224]. ȿɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɢɣ GSH ɡɞɚɬɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɢ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɜ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɿ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɡɚɯɢɳɚɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɨɡɚɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ. NAC ɡɞɚɬɧɢɣ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɬɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɿ Ɇɏ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨ, ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɽ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɟɧɟɪɝɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ GSH, ɿ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ Ɇɏ ɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɿ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ȺɌɎ. Ɇɢ ɜɢɹɜɢɥɢ, ɳɨ ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ 20 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ GSH ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɽ ɹɫɤɪɚɜɨ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɭ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɭ ɞɿɸ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɇɑ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɡɦɨɞɟɥɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ (H2O2 ɿ t-BHP) (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 5.1). ɍ Ɇɏ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ GSH ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ǻȌm ɧɚɞ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. Ɂ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɚɥɟ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ GSH ɿ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɿɜ ɡɦɟɧɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɿ ɰɟɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɽ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɭɜɚɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ GSH ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ 3 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɿ 20 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 5.1). NAC ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɽ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɭ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɭ ɞɿɸ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ t-BHP (50 ɦɤɦ) ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 5.1). ɇɚɞɿɣɧɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ GSH-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚɯ ɬɿɫɧɨ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɪɟɞɭɤɬɚɡɨɸ – ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɹɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɭɽ GSH ɡ GSSG [225]. Ɋɚɡɨɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶ ɽɞɢɧɭ ɡɚ GSH-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ȱɧɲɢɦɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɿɧɚɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ H2O2, ɽ Se-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɢ. Ɂɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɪɹɞɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ, ɪɨɥɶ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɢ ɜ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɜɢɳɟ, ɧɿɠ ɤɚɬɚɥɚɡɢ [213,226]. ɇɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɪɹɞɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ, ɝɥɭɬɚɬɢɨɧɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɽ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɢɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɹɤ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɿ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ. 107 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 5.1. Ɂɚɯɢɫɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɭ (2 ɦɆ) ɿ N-ɚɰɟɬɢɥɰɢɫɬɟʀɧɭ (5 ɦɆ) ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɧɚ ɬɥɿ ɞɿʀ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ ((H2O2 (1 ɦɆ); tBHP (50 ɦɤɆ)) ɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ) ǻȌm, % ɜɿɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ 3 ɦɿɫ. ɳɭɪɢ 1ɦM H2O2 50 ɦɤM t-BHP GSH GSH + 1 ɦM H2O2 GSH + 50 ɦɤM tBHP NAC NAC+50 ɦɤM t-BHP OV (1-2 ɧɦ) OV (25×8 ɧɦ) OV (57×6-8ɧɦ) GSH+OV (1-2 ɧɦ) GSH+OV (25×8 ɧɦ ) GSH+OV (57×6-8 ɧɦ) NAC+OV (1-2 ɧɦ) NAC+OV (25×8 ɧɦ) NAC+OV (57×6-8 ɧɦ) ȼ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ 81±9* 4±1* 133±6 117±12 100±13 61±6* 43±6* 63±9* 49±12* 46±12 95±7 101±8 105±6 58±5* 58±5* 58±8 ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɧɨʀ 20 ɦɿɫ. ɳɭɪɢ 108±10 5±1* 116±11 146±12* 185±14* 74±14* 81±7* 27±4* 32±4* 46±7 93±14 114±18 134±13 61±6* 59±6* 68±5 ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɿ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ, ɹɤɢɣ ɽ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ȺɎɄ. Ɍɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɿɞ ɞɿɽɸ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜ Ɇɏ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ʀɯ 108 ɋɈȾ-ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ [79]. Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ, ɜ Ɇɏ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɟ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɟ ɫɚɦɟ ɜɿɤɨɦ, ɿ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ GSH. ɉɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ GSH ɹɤ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ, ɧɚ ɬɥɿ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ GSH ɡ ɜɿɤɨɦ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɽ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɯɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɭ ɞɿʀ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ GSH ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɇɑ ɿ ɿɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ ɿ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ. Ɋɚɧɿɲɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ (ɪɨɡɞɿɥ 3), ɳɨ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ ɇɑ ɩɿɞɫɢɥɸɸɬɶ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɳɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɿ t-BHP, ɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɿɧɤɭɛɚɰɿɹ ɡɪɚɡɤɿɜ ɡ 8-10 ɧɦ CeO2-ɯ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɽ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɨɝɨ H2O2. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɫɭɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɿ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ǻȌm ɿ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɇɑ ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ (Ɋɢɫ. 5.4, 5.5). Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɭ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɦɢ 3-ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ, ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ (Ɋɢɫ. 5.4, 5.5). 109 Ɋɢɫ. 5.4. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ 1 ɦɆ H2O2; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). Ɂ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɚ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɢ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɛɿɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɪɿɜɧɹ ǻȌm. ɇɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ, ɭ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɡɧɢɡɢɜɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɇɑ (Ɋɢɫ. 5.4, 5.5), ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ t-BHP ǻȌm ɡɧɢɡɢɜɫɹ ɧɚɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɿɲɟ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ H2O2. ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨʀ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ, ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ ɜ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹɯ, ɫɭɦɚɪɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ 110 Ɋɢɫ. 5.5. ȼɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ 5 ɦɤɆ t-BHP; (* p<0,05 ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ȼɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɇɑ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ'ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɦɟɧɲɨɸ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɿ ɧɢɡɶɤɨɸ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɿɫɬɸ GSH. ɍ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɢɳɟ, ɿ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɟ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɟ ȺɎɄ, ɛɿɥɶɲ ɲɜɢɞɤɟ. Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɿɧɞɭɤɨɜɚɧɚ ɇɑ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ Ɇɏ ɽ ȺɎɄ-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɸ, ɦɚɽ ɜɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɨʀ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. ȼɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɿɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɬɚ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ, ɜɿɞ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ 111 ɩɪɢ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɰɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɣ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɇɑ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɞɿɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ. ɉɨɹɫɧɸɸɱɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɞɿʀ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ Ɇɏ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ, ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [227], ɹɤɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɯɿɞ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɡ Ɇɏ ɿ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ȺɎɄ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧ/ɬɿɨɪɟɞɨɤɫɿɧ – ɡɚɯɢɫɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ ɜ Ɇɏ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɞɢɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɞɢɫɦɭɬɚɰɿʀ ɜɠɟ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɜɥɚɫɧɿɣ ɋɈȾ-ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɑ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ. Ⱦɚɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɬɪɚɱɚɧɧɹ GSH. ɐɟ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨ ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɦɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɭ ɞɿɸ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɹ ȺɎɄ ɡɞɚɬɧɚ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɿ ɽ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɛɚɡɨɜɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɜɿɞ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ. ɇɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɇɑ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɢɫɹ ɧɟ ɹɤ ɩɪɹɦɚ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɿɹ, ɹɤɭ ɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɛɟɡɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɚ ɹɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɤɥɿɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ. 112 ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ 5 ȼ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɇɑ ɧɚ ǻȌm ɦɚɽ ɜɿɤɨɜɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɰɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɣ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɑ. 1. ɉɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɸɱɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ Ɇɏ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɇɑ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɸ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɛɿɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ. 2. Ɉɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ ɇɑ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɭ ɜɿɤɨɜɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɭ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ: ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ 20 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ǻȌm ɛɭɥɨ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɦ. 3. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɇɑ ɧɚ Ɇɏ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɿɜ 20 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɜɿɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ, ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɿ ɪɿɜɧɹ GSH ɡ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɬɥɿ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ GSH-ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɿɜ; ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ GSH ɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɞɚɧɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ. 4. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧ ɿ ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ǻȌm ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ ɇɑ ɿ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ 3 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ 20 ɦɿɫɹɱɧɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ, ɳɨ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɧɬɿɨɤɫɿɞɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡ ɜɿɤɨɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ 5, ɨɩɭɛɥɿɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ [4,5,7,228,229]. ɞɚɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɜ 113 ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ ɍ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɿɣ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɛɭɥɨ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɇɑ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ – ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɋɟɈ2-x ɿ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ReVO4:Eu3+ (Re = Gd, Y, La) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ – ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɩɟɱɿɧɤɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɽ ɬɚɤɿ: 1. ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɬɶɫɹ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɮɿɡɢɤɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ: ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɭ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɦɚɥɿ (1-2 ɧɦ) ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɧɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ. 2. ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɦɚɥɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɿʀ-ɞɢɮɭɡɿʀ, ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɽ ɟɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡ. 3. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɤɨɪɟɥɸɽ ɡ ʀɯ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɢɯɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɛɿɨɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ɽ ɦɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ. 4. ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɩɨɜɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɝɧɿɱɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɋɟɈ2-ɯ ɿɡ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ 8-10 ɧɦ, ɧɚ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ 24 ɝɨɞɢɧɢ; ɞɚɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɽɸ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɡ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɦ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɨɦ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɣ. 114 5. ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɨɬɢɱɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɿɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɸɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ (ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɭ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɬɿɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɤ) ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɜɬɪɚɬɢ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɩɨɫɢɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɬɢ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ. 6. ȿɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɢ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɽ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɱɭɬɥɢɜɢɦɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨʀ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɿ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɚ ɞɿɹ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɬɚɬɿɨɧɭ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ. 7. ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɦɿɫɧɿɣ ɞɿʀ ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɭ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ, ɳɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɬɥɿ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɢɫɧɸ. ȼ ɤɥɿɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ. 8. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ Ɇɚɪɤɟɜɢɱɚ ɬɚ ɏɨɟɤɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɨɪɬɨɜɚɧɚɞɚɬɿɜ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɰɟɪɿɸ ɧɚ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ. ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɡ ɿɧɝɿɛɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ ɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɽɸ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɭ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɭ ɜɨɞɧɸ, ɞɪɭɝɢɣ – ɡ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɦɿɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɿɹɯ ɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɧɨɪɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɿɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɿɜ. 115 ɉɊɂɆȱɌɄɂ Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɦ ɨɛɨɜ'ɹɡɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɹɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɭ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪɭ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɭ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ, ȯɮɿɦɨɜɿɣ ɋɜɿɬɥɚɧɿ Ʌɟɨɧɿɞɿɜɧɿ ɡɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɿ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ, ɱɥɟɧ-ɤɨɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɭ ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪɭ ɮɿɡɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɭ Ɇɚɥɸɤɿɧɭ ɘɪɿɸ ȼɿɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱɭ ɡɚ ɜɢɛɿɪ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭ, ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɿ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɞɟʀ, ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɥɿɞɧɟ ɨɛɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, Ʉɚɜɨɤ ɇɚɬɚɥɿʀ ɋɟɪɝɿʀɜɧɿ, ɡɚ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɭɜɚɝɭ ɿ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɜ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɰɿ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɝɥɢɛɨɤɨ ɜɞɹɱɧɚ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜɭ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɭ Ʉɢɪɢɥɨɜɢɱɭ ɿ ɦɨɥɨɞɲɨɦɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤɭ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɭ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ ɋɽɞɢɯ Ɉɥɶɡɿ Ɉɥɟɝɿɜɧɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɿ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ȱɝɨɪɸ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɿɣɨɜɢɱɭ Ȼɨɪɨɜɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿʀ ɿ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɥɸɦɿɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɡɨɧɞɿɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɋɟɦɿɧɶɤɨ ȼɥɚɞɢɫɥɚɜɭ ȼɿɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɜ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɰɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, Ɇɚɥɸɤɿɧɿɣ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɿ ɘɪɿʀɜɧɿ, ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɿɜ. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɭ ɩɨɞɹɤɭ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɽ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɭ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɨɦɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤɭ ɇɿɤɿɬɱɟɧɤɨ ɘɪɿɸ ȼɿɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ, ɰɿɧɧɿ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɬɚ ɡɚɭɜɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɿ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɽ ɳɢɪɭ ɜɞɹɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɫɿɦ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɭ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ ɡɚ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɭ, ɩɪɨɹɜ ɭɜɚɝɢ ɿ ɧɚɞɚɧɭ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɿ ɞɚɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ. 116 ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ȼɂɄɈɊɂɋɌȺɇɂɏ ȾɀȿɊȿɅ 1. 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