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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 845, 2009 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /41/

Ñ.Â. Àëüîõ³íà, Â.Ì. Ãîëîùàïîâ... Òåïëîâà áåçïåêà ñóõîãî çáåð³ãàííÿ...

ɍȾɄ 536.244:621.039.584

ɌȿɉɅɈȼȺ ȻȿɁɉȿɄȺ ɋɍɏɈȽɈ ɁȻȿɊȱȽȺɇɇə ȼȱȾɉɊȺɐɖɈȼȺɇɂɏ ɌȿɉɅɈȼɂȾȱɅəɘɑɂɏ ɁȻȱɊɈɄ ɊȿȺɄɌɈɊȺ ȼȼȿɊ-1000 ɋ. ȼ. Ⱥɥɶɨɯɿɧɚ1, ȼ. Ɇ. Ƚɨɥɨɳɚɩɨɜ1, Ⱥ. Ɉ. Ʉɨɫɬɿɤɨɜ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. ɉɢɫɶɦɟɧɟɰɶɤɢɣ2, ȼ. Ƚ. Ɋɭɞɢɱɟɜ2
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ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɛɭɞɭɜɚɧɧɹɹ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɇɚɭɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɭɥ. Ⱦɦ. ɉɨɠɚɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ 2/10, ɏɚɪɤɿɜ 61046, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ 2 ɏɚɪɤɿɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦ. ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɚɪɚɡɿɧɚ ɩɥ. ɋɜɨɛɨɞɢ, 4, ɦ. ɏɚɪɤɿɜ 61077, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ E-mail: rud@pht.univer.kharkov.ua ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɿɸ 16 ɫɿɱɧɹ 2009 ɪ.

ɒɥɹɯɨɦ ɤɨɦɩ’ɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿɜ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɨɸ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɚ ɜ ɤɜɚɡɿɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɿɣ ɬɪɢɜɢɦɿɪɧɿɣ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɿɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɰɿ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɞɿʀ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɿɧɭ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɡɢɧ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɦɢ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɡɦɿɧɚ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɢɜɚ. ɄɅɘɑɈȼȱ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ, ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɟ ɩɚɥɢɜɨ, ɫɭɯɟ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ, ɫɭɯɟ ɫɯɨɜɢɳɟ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ.

Ɂɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɚɝɟɧɰɿʀ ɡ ɹɞɟɪɧɨʀ ɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ (ɆȺȽȺɌȿ) ɞɨ 2006 ɪ. ɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ ɛɭɥɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɨ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɧɿɠ 200 ɬɢɫ. ɬɨɧ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɢɜɚ (ȼəɉ) ɬɚ ɳɨɪɨɤɭ ɰɹ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ 8 – 10 ɬɢɫ. ɬɨɧ [1 – 2]. ȱɫɧɭɽ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɞɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡ ȼəɉ, ɫɟɪɟɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɞɿɥɢɬɢ «ɫɭɯɢɣ» ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ. ɋɭɯɿ ɫɯɨɜɢɳɚ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ, ɇɿɦɟɱɱɢɧɿ, Ʌɢɬɜɿ, ɑɟɯɿʀ, ɍɝɨɪɳɢɧɿ, ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɞɨɫɜɿɞ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ȼəɉ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɨ ɭ ɋɒȺ. ȼ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɡ 2001 ɪ. ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɨɪɿɡɶɤɿɣ Ⱥȿɋ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨ ɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɲɟ ɫɭɯɟ ɫɯɨɜɢɳɟ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɢɜɚ (ɋɋȼəɉ), ɹɤɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɱɢɯ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ (ȼɌȼɁ) ɭ 380 ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɯ. ȼ ɋɋȼəɉ Ɂɚɩɨɪɿɡɶɤɨʀ Ⱥȿɋ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɢ, ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿɜ ɦɚɪɤɢ VSC-24 ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿʀ Sierra Nuclear Corporation. ȼɟɧɬɢɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ȼəɉ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɿɜ ȼȼȿɊ1000 (ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ) ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɡ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɸ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ 1 ɤȼɬ ɧɚ ɡɛɿɪɤɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ 2003 ɪ. ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɨɪɿɡɶɤɿɣ Ⱥȿɋ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɱɿ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ (ɌȼɁ-Ⱥ) ɡ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɱɟɦ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɿɜ, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɝɨɪɹɽ, ɡɿ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɢɦ ɞɨ 50-55 Ɇȼɬ⋅ɞɿɛ/ɤɝU ɟɧɟɪɝɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦ [3]. Ɂɛɿɪɤɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɭ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɭ ɋɋȼəɉ ɩɿɫɥɹ 5 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿɜ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɭ ɋɋȼəɉ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɱɿ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ Ⱥ (ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ) ɩɪɢɜɟɥɚ ɞɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿɜ ɡ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɸ ɧɿɠ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ȼəɉ. Ɇɟɬɨɸ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɽ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɩɪɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɿ ʀɯ ɭ ɋɋȼəɉ, ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɢɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɜ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɿɡ ȼɌȼɁ, ɚɛɨ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ, ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɦɢ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɨɸ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ. ɉɈɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ ɁȺȾȺɑȱ ȼɟɧɬɢɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɭ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 [4]. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɝɚɦɦɚ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɶ ȼəɉ, ɩɪɨɬɢɞɿʀ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɫɸɞɠɟɧɧɸ ɪɚɞɿɨɧɭɤɥɿɞɿɜ ȼəɉ ɜ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɽ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɿ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɿɞɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɦɿɫɧɨʀ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ (ȻȽɄ) ɡ 24 ȼɌȼɁ. ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɣɧɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɽ ɭ ɧɢɠɧɿ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɣɧɿ ɤɚɧɚɥɢ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɦɿɠ ɫɬɿɧɤɨɸ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ ɬɚ ȻȽɄ, ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɭɸɱɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɸ. Ƚɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɚ ɡ ȼɌȼɁ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɚ ɿɧɟɪɬɧɢɦ ɝɚɡɨɦ – ɝɟɥɿɽɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɿɞɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ, ɬɢɫɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɦɭ ɞɨ 1 ɚɬɦ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɡɦɟɧɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɧɚɩɿɜɪɨɡɩɚɞɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɿ ɚɤɬɢɧɨʀɞɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɡɚ ɱɚɫ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɿʀ ɜ ȼəɉ (ɪɢɫ. 2). Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɩɨ ɜɢɫɨɬɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ. əɤ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ȼɌȼɁ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɝɚɥɭɡɟɜɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ Ⱥȿɋ [5]. ɐɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɢɬɨɦɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɢɜɚ ɬɢɩɭ ȼɌȼɁ ɡ ɜɢɝɨɪɹɧɧɹɦ 41,5 Ɇȼɬ⋅ɞɿɛ/ɤɝU, ɬɚɤ ɿ

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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 845, 2009

Ñ.Â. Àëüîõ³íà, Â.Ì. Ãîëîùàïîâ...

ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ – ɬɢɩɭ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɡ ɜɢɝɨɪɹɧɧɹɦ 55 Ɇȼɬ⋅ɞɿɛ/ɤɝU. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ [5] ɡɧɢɠɭɽ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɡɦɭ, ɡɚɤɥɚɞɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɪɚɞɿɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɶ ɜɿɞ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɬɢɩɭ ȼəɉ, ɿ ɫɩɪɢɹɽ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɰɿ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɪɿɲɟɧɶ. Ɋɚɧɿɲ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ [6] ɩɨɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɬɪɭ ɩɪɢɩɥɢɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɯɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ, ɧɚɝɪɿɬɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɭ ɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɝɨɪɭ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ȻȽɄ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɢɫɬɢɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɿɧ ɦɿɠ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɸ ɫɬɿɧɤɨɸ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ [7]. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɥɚɫɹ ɪɿɜɧɨɸ 24 °ɋ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɭɦɨɜɚɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀ, ɬɚ 40 °ɋ – ɞɥɹ ɟɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ. Ɉɛɢɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɲɬɢɥɸ. Ɂ ɜɢɳɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ. Ɍɪɟɛɚ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɦ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɢ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɭ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ȼəɉ ɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɨɪɭ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ. ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑɇȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɖ Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ, ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɭ ɫɨɛɿ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɭ

Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ

ɱɚɫɬɢɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɯ [8, 9]: – ɧɟɪɨɡɪɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ (ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɬɚ ɫɬɨɤɢ ɦɚɫɢ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ); – ɪɭɯɭ ɜ’ɹɡɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɭ ɇɚɜ’ɽ–ɋɬɨɤɫɚ ɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɟɧɿ ɩɨ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɭ (ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨʀ ɫɢɥɢ ɬɹɠɿɧɧɹ); – ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ (ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɳɨ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɿ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɦ ɬɚ ɝɟɥɿɽɦ); – ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ (ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɳɨ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɿ ɬɜɟɪɞɢɦɢ ɬɿɥɚɦɢ). Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɶ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɝɚɡɭ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɳɿɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɬɢɫɤɭ ɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ.

ɤȼɬ 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 ɪɿɤ 60 ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ȼɌȼɁ

Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɂɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ȼɌȼɁ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɦ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɿ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ k–ε [9], ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ – ɞɥɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨʀ ɤɿɧɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ k ɬɚ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ʀʀ ɞɢɫɢɩɚɰɿʀ ε. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ȻȽɄ, ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɹɤ ɿ ɭ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɿ ȼɄɁȼȼȿɊ [6], ɞɨɩɨɜɧɟɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɿɧɭ [10]. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ȻȽɄ ɡ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɶɨɜɭ ɫɢɦɟɬɪɿɸ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɭ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɿɧɭ ɩɨ ɜɫɿɣ ɜɢɫɨɬɿ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɭ. Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3. Ɇɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɬɚ

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ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï.

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Òåïëîâà áåçïåêà ñóõîãî çáåð³ãàííÿ...

ɜɢɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɨ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ʀɯ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɨɪɭ. ȼɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɜɿɤɨɧɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɿɥɿɜ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɧɢɯ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ȻȽɄ ɧɚ ɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɿɜ ɦɿɠ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɧɢɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɚɥɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɿɥɿɜ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɧɟɯɬɭɜɚɬɢ, ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɱɢ ɩɿɞɜɿɞ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɿ ɬɚɤɿ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ: – ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɯ ɉ1, ɉ2 (ɞɢɜ. ɪɢɫ. 3) ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɣ ɬɢɫɤ ɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ (24 °ɋ ɚɛɨ 40 °ɋ)

p|ɉ1 = p|ɉ2 = p|ɉ3 = 101300 ɉɚ, T|ɉ1 = T|ɉ2 = T|ɉ3 = Tɧ,

ɞɟ Tɧ – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ, °ɋ; – ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɿ ɉ3 ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɰɿɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɿ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɫɬɿ ɡɧɟɯɬɭɽɦɨ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ, ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɹɤ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ȻȽɄ (ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜɿɞ ȼɌȼɁ ɞɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɿʀ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɪɭɯɭ ɝɟɥɿɸ) ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡɨɜɧɿ (ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ȻȽɄ ɞɨ ɨɬɨɱɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɬɹɝɢ ɜ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ). Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɿɞɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɳɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɯ, ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɿɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɰɿ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɿɧɭ ɦɿɠ ɬɜɟɪɞɢɦɢ ɬɿɥɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɨɛɬɿɤɚɸɱɢɦ ʀɯ ɝɚɡɨɦ – ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɦ ɡɨɜɧɿ ȻȽɄ ɬɚ ɝɟɥɿɽɦ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ. Ȼɟɪɭɱɢ ɞɨ ɭɜɚɝɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɡɛɿɪɤɨɸ, ɜɿɞ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ, ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿɜ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɜɚɡɿɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɿɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɰɿ. ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɂ ɊɈɁɊȺɏɍɇɄɍ ɍ ɯɨɞɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɥɢɲɟ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɨɸ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ, ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɿɡ ȼɌȼɁ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɹɯ, ɬɚ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɡ ɱɚɫɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɿ ȻȽɄ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɦɢ ɡ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɯ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɭ ɨɫɿ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ. ɉɨ ɦɿɪɿ ɧɚɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɫɬɿɧɨɤ ȻȽɄ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ȼɌȼɁ ɦɟɧɲɚɽ. ɉɨ ɜɢɫɨɬɿ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɭ 1,92 ɦ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɡɨɧɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4 ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɭ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɿ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɿɡ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽ Q = 1410 ȼɬ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɰɿ Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ. ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 5 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɜ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɢ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ʋ 3, 10 ɬɚ 12 ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɦɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ Ɍɩɪɢɩ = 350 °ɋ. ɉɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ Ɍɧ = 24 °ɋ ɰɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɹɝɚɽ 27,1 °ɋ, ɩɪɢ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɿ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨʀ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɞɨ Ɍɧ = 40 °ɋ ɰɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɳɟ ɧɚ 7,18 °ɋ. ɉɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ, ɹɤɿ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ, ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɡɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɞɥɹ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɋɋȼəɉ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɿʀ ȻȽɄ ɥɢɲɟ ɰɢɦɢ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɥɢɲɟ ɬɨɞɿ, ɤɨɥɢ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ʀɯ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɦɟ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 5 ɪɨɤɿɜ. ɉɪɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ȻȽɄ ɡ ȼɌȼɁȺ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɭ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ Q = 1220 ȼɬ (ɩɿɫɥɹ 6 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɢ), ɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ – Q = 1100 ȼɬ (ɩɿɫɥɹ 7 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɢ) ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ [5]. ɉɪɢ Q = 1220 ȼɬ ɬɚ Ɍɧ = 40 °ɋ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɭ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɿ ɫɹɝɚɬɢɦɟ 341,83 °ɋ, ɩɪɢ Q = 1220 ȼɬ – 317,77 °ɋ. ȼ ɨɛɨɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɧɟ ɡɦɿɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ (ɞɢɜ. ɪɢɫ. 4). Ɂɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ȻȽɄ, ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɤɨɪɟɝɭɜɚɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɬɚ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿʀ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ȼɌȼɁ ɬɚ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɪɿɡɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ. Ȼɭɥɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɿ ɬɚɤɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ: – ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ 1: ɇɚ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ʋ 1, 6–10, 13–24 ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɡ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ Q = 1220 ȼɬ, ɧɚ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ʋ 2 –5, 11, 12– ȼɌȼɁ ɡ Q = 909 ȼɬ;

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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 845, 2009

Ñ.Â. Àëüîõ³íà, Â.Ì. Ãîëîùàïîâ...

– ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ 2: ɇɚ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ʋ 2 –5, 11, 12 ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɡ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ Q = 1220 ȼɬ, ɧɚ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ʋ 1, 6–10, 13–24 – ȼɌȼɁ ɡ Q = 909 ȼɬ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɿ ɩɨɥɹ, ɳɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɳɟɡɝɚɞɚɧɢɯ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɱɚɫɭ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ, ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.

Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɟ ɩɨɥɟ ȻȽɄ ɭ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɿ ɩɪɢ Ɍɧ = 40 °ɋ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ Q = 1410 ȼɬ.

əɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ, ɩɪɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɸ ɝɪɭɩɢ (ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ 1) ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɿ ɫɬɚɽ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɦ ȻȽɄ ɡɛɿɪɤɚɦɢ ɡ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɸɬɶ 308,76 °ɋ. Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɽ ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɢɜɢɦ ɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɨɪɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ, ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɭ ɝɪɭɩɿ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɿɠ ȼɌȼɁ, ɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɚ

ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ 1 ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ 2 Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɟ ɩɨɥɟ ȻȽɄ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɿ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɿ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɹɦɢ ȼɌȼɁ ɬɚ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ.

1 ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɪɚɞɿɚɰɿʀ ɡɨɜɧɿ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ. ɉɪɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɭ 2 ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɦɚɬɢɦɟ ɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɝɪɚɞɿɽɧɬ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɨɦ 1 ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ ɧɚ 26°ɋ ɬɚ ɫɹɝɚɬɢɦɭɬɶ

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1 /41/

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335,37 °ɋ. Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ȼɌȼɁ ɬɚ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɽ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɢɜɢɦ ɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɨɪɭ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɪɨɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ ɡ ɦɟɧɲɢɦɢ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɚɞɿɚɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɫɥɭɝɭɜɚɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɦ ɛɚɪ’ɽɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɬɢɩɭ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɡɚ ɱɚɫ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɣɞɚɧɱɢɤɭ ɋɋȼəɉ ɛɭɥɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɚ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɚ ɡ 24 ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ, ɹɤɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɚ ɭ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ ɧɚ ɦɚɣɞɚɧɱɢɤɭ ɋȼəɉ, ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶɨɜɭ ɩɨɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ Ɍɧ = 40 °ɋ ɞɥɹ Q = 1220 ȼɬ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɥɨɫɶ, ɳɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɿɤ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ (ɜɥɿɬɤɭ) ɞɨ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ (ɜɡɢɦɤɭ), ɤɨɥɢ ɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɧɹ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɛɭɞɟ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɢɦ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɲɜɢɞɤɟ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɜ ʀɯ
Ɍ, ºɋ

Ɍ, ºɋ

420 370 320 270 220 170 120 0 10 20 30 40 50
ɪɿɤ ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 1 ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 2 ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 3

420 370 320 270 220 170 120
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 ɪɿɤ 60 ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 8 ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 10 ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 12

370 320 270 220 170

Ɍ, ºɋ

ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 18 ɡɛɿɪɤɚ 20

Ɋɢɫ. 6. Ɂɦɿɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɡ ɱɚɫɨɦ ɩɪɢ Ɍɧ = 40 °ɋ

ɪɿɤ

120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɲɿ 6 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɧɹ. ɉɨ ɦɿɪɿ ɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɧɹ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ȻȽɄ. əɤɳɨ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɪɿɤ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ʋ 3 ɬɚ 4 ɡɧɢɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ 384,3 °ɋ ɞɨ 341,8 °ɋ, ɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɿ 25 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ 204,4 °ɋ ɞɨ 163,3 °ɋ. Ɍɟɦɩ ɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɿ, ɳɨ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ ɜɿɞɜɨɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜɿɞ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ. ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ȼɄɁ-ȼȼȿɊ, ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɱɿ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɿɧɭ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɟɜɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɿɜ. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɪɢɜɢɦɿɪɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɭ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɬɢ ɭɫɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɡɛɨɪɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɿ, ɳɨ ɞɚɥɨ ɡɦɨɝɭ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɢɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɪɚɧɿɲ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɦɢ ɧɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɦɢ [6] ɬɨɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɡɛɿɪɤɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɦ ɡɛɿɪɨɤ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɨɸ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ ȻȽɄ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɹɤ ɜɢɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡɧɢɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɜ ɧɿɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɿ ɪɚɞɿɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɣɞɚɧɱɢɤɭ ɋɋȼəɉ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ 24 ȼɌȼɁ-Ⱥ ɡ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦ 1,220 ɤȼɬ ɤɨɠɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿ ȼɄɁ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɦɨʀ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ. Ɍɚɤɟ ɠ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɿ ȼɌȼɁ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɢ 3,8 ɪɨɤɭ. ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɟ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ȼɄɁ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚɽ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɹɤ ȼɌȼɁ ɡ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɨɸ 5 ɪɨɤɿɜ (ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦɢ ɞɿɸɱɨɝɨ Ɂɜɿɬɭ ɡ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ, ɜɟɪɫɿɹ 2), ɬɚɤ ɿ ȼɌȼɁ ɡ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɨɸ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 3,8 ɪɨɤɿɜ. ɍɦɨɜɢ ɪɚɞɿɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɫɥɿɞ ɨɰɿɧɢɬɢ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ, ɹɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ [11], ɨɞɧɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɡɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ, ɩɪɢ ɹɤɿɣ ɭ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɲɚɪɿ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ 14 ȼɌȼɁ ɡ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɨɸ 5 ɪɨɤɿɜ, ɚ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ – ɭɫɿ ɡ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɤɨɸ 3,8 ɪɨɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟ ɿɫɧɭɸɱɿ ɪɚɞɿɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ȼɄɁ.

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Ñ.Â. Àëüîõ³íà, Â.Ì. Ãîëîùàïîâ...

ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ȾɀȿɊȿɅ Ganguly C. Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Materials Activities // Fuel Cycle and Waste. Newsletter – Vienna, Vol. 2, No. 2, August 2006 – P. 3 – 5. 2. Nuclear technology review 2006. – International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2006 – 135 p. 3. Ⱦɟɩɟɧɱɭɤ Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɌȼɋȺ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɗɋ / Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɟɩɟɧɱɭɤ, ɘ. Ⱥ. ɒɢɲɤɨɜ, Ɉ. ɋ. Ʉɚɛɚɤɨɜ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ Ɉɞɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ – Ɉɞɟɫɫɚ, 2008, ɜɵɩ. 1(29) – ɋ. 23 – 29 4. Ȼɟɣɧɟɪ Ʉ. ɋ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɄɏ-ȼȼɗɊ 1000 // Symposium within XV international youth nuclear festival “DYSNAI” – Visaginas, 2002 – ɋ. 22 – 34. 5. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɋɌɉ 0.41.072-2008 “Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦ əɌ. Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɛɨɪɨɤ ȼȼɗɊ-1000”. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ. Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ “ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ “ɗɧɟɪɝɨɚɬɨɦ”. 6. Ⱥɥɺɯɢɧɚ ɋ. ȼ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ ɫ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɦ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ / ɋ. ȼ. Ⱥɥɺɯɢɧɚ, ȼ. ɇ. Ƚɨɥɨɳɚɩɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ɉ. Ʉɨɫɬɢɤɨɜ, ɘ. Ɇ. Ɇɚɰɟɜɢɬɵɣ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ – ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ, 2005, ɬ. 8, ʋ 4 – ɋ. 12 – 20. 7. Ⱥɥɺɯɢɧɚ ɋ. ȼ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ ɫ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɦ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ / ɋ. ȼ. Ⱥɥɺɯɢɧɚ, ȼ. ɇ. Ƚɨɥɨɳɚɩɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ɉ. Ʉɨɫɬɢɤɨɜ, ɘ. Ɇ. Ɇɚɰɟɜɢɬɵɣ // VI Ɇɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɭɦ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨ- ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɭ, 19-23 ɦɚɹ 2008 ɝ.: ɬɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ – Ɇɢɧɫɤ, 2008 – Ɍ. 1. – ɋ. 185 – 186 8. Ʌɨɣɰɹɧɫɤɢɣ Ʌ. Ƚ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1970. – 742 ɫ. 9. Launder B. E. The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flow / B. E. Launder, D. B. Spalding // Comp. Meth. Appl. Eng. – 1974. – ʋ 3. – P. 269 – 289. 10. Ʉɭɬɚɬɟɥɚɞɡɟ ɋ. ɋ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ: ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ.: ɗɧɟɪɝɨɚɬɨɦɢɡɞɚɬ, 1990. – 367 ɫ. 11. Gamma Radiation in a Dry Spent Fuel Storage, V.T.Lazurik, V.P.Moskvin, Yu.V.Rogov, V.G.Rudychev, Proceedings "International Conference on the Physics of Nuclear Science and Technology ", October 5-8, Long Island, New York,V.2, 1998, p.1005-1011. 1.

THERMAL SAFETY DURING DRY STORAGE OF VVER-1000 SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLIES S.V. Alehina1, V.N. Goloshapov1, A.O. Kostikov1, S.A. Pismenetskiy2, V.G. Rudychev2
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Institute of problems of mechanicalbuild of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine 2 V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University

The thermal conditions inside the ventilated cask filled with spent nuclear fuel were investigated by computer simulation method in the case of different activity of the fuel assemblies. The problem is considered within the framework of quasy-stationary threedimension entailing approach including the convective and radiative heat exchange. The calculations were completed for the different alternative of cask loading with the spent fuel assemblies. The assemblies temperature variation during their storage has been determined. The thermal safety has been proved of the technology of dry storage of the spent nuclear fuel. KEY WORDS: thermal safety, spent nuclear fuel, dry storage, dry depositary, ventilated cask.