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Документ A soundscape assessment of the oak forests in the National Park “Homilshanski Lisy” (Northeastern Ukraine).(Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 2023) Atemasov, Andrij; Atemasova, TetyanaWe investigated the properties of the sounds recorded on the territory of the National Park “Homilshanski Lisy” (Kharkiv region, Ukraine). Record ings were made at five points (in mature, middle-aged, and young oak forests, overgrown clear-cut and aspen forests). Data collection was carried out using on-site positioning of AudioMoth autonomous recorders, located on trees at a height of 1.5 m. The recording was made from April 11 to July 10, 2020, for 3 h in the morning and evening with a 5-min duration followed by a 10-min pause (24 recordings per day). Six acoustic indices (AIs) were calculated: Acoustic complexity index (ACI), acoustic diversity index (ADI), acoustic evenness index (AEI), bioacoustic index (BI), normalized difference soundscape index (NDSI), and acoustic entropy index (H). For the analysis, we used the Friedman test as well as a nonparametric analysis of the variance of the distance matrix and Tukey’s test. The results of the analysis showed the statistical significance of the influence of forest type, date and time of recording, as well as the effect of their pairwise interactions on all six acoustic indices, both in the morning and evening. For three indices – ACI, BI, and NDSI – the highest average values were noted in a mature oak forest and the lowest was in overgrown clear-cuts. We performed a PCA to reduce the number of variables and obtain insight into the variable relevance. The cumulative percentage of variance, explained by the first three principal components, is 84.5%. The first principal component is associated with H, BI, AEI, and ADI. The second and third principal components are associated with NDSI and ACI. The obtained results correspond to the results of quantitative bird counts carried out earlier in this area.Документ Breeding bird communities of the pine forests in the forest-steppe zone(2024) Atemasova, Tetyana; Atemasov, AndrijThe avifauna of pine forests in the North-East of Ukraine has been poorly studied. Analysis of bird communities showed that the avifaunal complexes of pine forests are poorer and have minimal similarity to those in deciduous forests. This study aimed to assess the species composition and densities of birds in the pine forest of various ages. Research was conducted on the National Park «Slobozhanskiy», located within the Krasnokutsk United Territorial Community of the Bogodukhiv District in the northwestern part of Kharkiv Region (Ukraine). Most of the park's forests are of artificial origin. Birds communities were studied in May 2023 in six forest types: pine forest less than 25 years old, pine forest 71-90 years old, pine forest 91-110 years old, pine forest over 110 years old, patches of oak stands and patches of birch stands. The point-count technique was used for bird sampling. Overall 60 point-count stations (10 in each forest type) were located using a forest map. The breeding avifauna was classified concerning nest location, according to the sites for searching food, and based upon migration patterns. We registered 39 breeding bird species during point counts; of them 3 were cavity excavators, 13 were secondary cavity users, 13 were tree and 3 were shrub foliage nesters and 6 were ground nesters. There were 7 trunk-foraging species, 15 canopy-foraging species, 3 shrub-foraging species, and 12 ground-foraging species. Eighteen species were long-distance migrants, 6 species were short-distance migrants, and 15 species were residents. The least number of species (16) was recorded in pine forests less than 25 years old. The number of species in other forest types varies slightly (23-25). The lowest total abundance was noted in pine forests less than 25 years old, and the highest in patches of oak stands. Total density differs between all types of forest, except for a couple of pine forests 91-110 years old – patches of birch stands. In pine forest less than 25 years old dominate European Robin (45.1%) and Common Chiffchaff (25.3%); in pine forest 71-90 years old – Wood Warbler (28.3%) and Common Chaffinch (20.4%); in pine forest 91-110 years old – Common Chaffinch (16.4%), Wood Warbler (12.9%), Collared Flycatcher (12.0%), and European Robin (10.9%); in pine forest over 110 years old – Common Chaffinch (18.7%), European Robin (15.0%), Great Tit (12.8%) and Collared Flycatcher (11.9%); in patches of oak stands – Collared Flycatcher (20.1%), Great Tit (19.3%) and Common Chaffinch (14.3%); and in patches of birch stands – Wood Warbler (20.6%), Collared Flycatcher (16.7%), European Robin (14.9%) and Common Chaffinch (13.3%). The most abundant birds in pine forests less than 25 years old were ground nesters (70.5%). In other age groups of the pine forest and the patches of birch stands, secondary cavity users and ground nesters co-dominated. In patches of oak stands secondary cavity users dominated (50.8%). In all types of forests, except for the pine forest less than 25 years old canopy gleaners dominated. Large-distance migrants were the most abundant birds in pine forests. except the pine forest less than 25 years old. and patches of birch stands. In the pine forests less than 25 years old short-distance migrants dominated (56.5%). Residents dominated in patches of oak stands (39.7%). We compared our results with those of other studies conducted in the region's pine forests since the mid-19th century.Документ Impact of stand variables on characteristics of avian soundscape in common oak (Quercus robur L.) forests(2019) Atemasov, Andrij; Atemasova, TetyanaOne of the problems that may arise when conducting long-term monitoring of bird populations in forest landscapes may be discrepancies between data obtained by different researchers. Using acoustic monitoring may solve this problem. To establish the suitability of the acoustic method for monitoring the state of forest ecosystems, studies were conducted in May and June 2018 on seven plots different from each other by stand age and species composition in a maple-linden-oak forest in northeastern Ukraine. The species composition of birds, the structure and composition of the stand and the values of six acoustic indices were calculated. Differences were found in all acoustic indices at different sites. The smallest values of the indices were noted in the overgrown clear-cut. Four acoustic indices in the May survey and five of the six in the June survey show significant correlations with the species richness of birds. All indices correlate with the values of several stand variables, which characterize the size and species composition of the stand, understorey and field vegetation, the closeness of various vegetation tiers, and with the distance to the edges and the nearest populated areas. The results suggest the possibility of using an acoustic approach to monitoring the bird population and the state of forest ecosystems.Документ Zoodiversity(Kyiv : Publishing House “Akademperiodyka”, 2024) Atemasov, Andrij; Atemasova, TetyanaTh e breeding phenology of Collared Flycatchers was studied over an 11-year period (2006‒2011 and 2013‒2017) in oak-maple-lime stands located in the Northern-East of Ukraine (in the National Park Homilshanski Lisy). In most years, egg laying began in the fi rst and second ten-day periods of May. Th e earliest recorded fi rst-egg date (368 broods) was 23 April, while the latest was 5 May. Th ese dates varied from year to year. Th e relationship between the fi rst-egg date and the date of daily average temperature transition through + 10 °C suggests that birds bred earlier due to warmer local temperatures. Th e clutch size was negatively correlated with the date of the average air temperature transition through + 5 °C. Th e earliest hatching date was 15 May, and the latest was 25 May. Fledging typically began in the fi rst half of June. Th e breeding season’s length ranged from 30 to 42 days, and the breeding cycle was positively correlated with the transition of the average daily temperature through +5 °C. To determine which factors explained the fi rst egg date and clutch size, Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were conducted. GLMs suggest a correlation between the fi rst-egg date and the sum of eff ective temperatures (∑T150), arrival date temperature, migration route temperature, and average temperature of the third decade of April. Clutch size is determined by the sum of eff ective temperature accumulation (∑130) and migration route temperature. Reproductive success is negatively correlated with the average of 30 daily temperatures until the median date. Key words: Collared Flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis, weather conditions, temperature, laying date, clutch size.