Діджиталізація оподаткування: можливості та загрози на міжнародному рівні
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Анотація
Концепція електронної комерції є зростаючою тенденцією в цифровій економіці, коли компанії та споживачі все частіше використовують платформи електронної комерції. Зростання електронної комерції призвело до зростання попиту на цифрові продукти та послуги, а також до потреби в більш ефективних і ефективних стратегіях оподаткування. У статті розглянуто декілька способів як процес діджиталізації збільшує інтернаціоналізацію бізнесу. Акціонери та клієнти можуть перебувати в різних країнах, а сама компанія може бути організована в складні ланцюги поставок, які також охоплюють багато країн. Ці фактори створюють значні проблеми для національного оподаткування такого міжнародного бізнесу. Ці проблеми знайшли своє відображення у зростаючому громадському та політичному занепокоєнні щодо стратегій, які використовують транснаціональні компанії для використання існуючої міжнародної податкової системи з метою зменшення своїх податкових зобов'язань.
E-commerce is a growing trend in the digital economy, with businesses and consumers increasingly using e-commerce platforms. The growth of e-commerce has led to an increase in demand for digital products and services, as well as the need for more efficient and effective tax strategies. The article discusses several ways in which the digitalisation process increases the internationalisation of companies. In particular, shareholders and customers may be located in different countries, and the business itself may be organised in complex supply chains that also span many countries. These factors pose significant challenges for the national taxation of such international companies. These problems are reflected in growing public and political concern about the strategies used by multinational companies to exploit the existing international tax system to reduce their tax liabilities. In the author's view, the current international tax system does not provide a proper basis for taxation. It is based on arbitrary distinctions: between countries (residence and source) and between types of income (active and passive). The OECD's BEPS project, which began in 2013, has produced a wealth of analytical information that has informed many of the reforms launched in 2015. The overall aim of the reforms is to preserve the existing allocation of tax rights. This is achieved by adding safeguards against abuse to the existing allocation rules. The overall goal of the OECD BEPS guidelines is to provide nations access to both internal and foreign tools that will improve the alignment of tax rights with economic activity. Closing loopholes tends to increase complexity and is unlikely to lead to a more rational and stable system. Instead, a fundamental reform of the international tax system is needed, and the tax base should be based on relatively fixed factors, i.e. the location of shareholders or the location of consumers. Both types of reform have the significant advantage that the conceptual basis of the system will be clear. However, both types of reform raise practical difficulties. A shareholder tax would link corporate profits in one country to a shareholder in another. A point-of-sale tax would have to tax imports that might be exported by a small company in another country. In principle, however, both problems can be solved by digitalisation.
E-commerce is a growing trend in the digital economy, with businesses and consumers increasingly using e-commerce platforms. The growth of e-commerce has led to an increase in demand for digital products and services, as well as the need for more efficient and effective tax strategies. The article discusses several ways in which the digitalisation process increases the internationalisation of companies. In particular, shareholders and customers may be located in different countries, and the business itself may be organised in complex supply chains that also span many countries. These factors pose significant challenges for the national taxation of such international companies. These problems are reflected in growing public and political concern about the strategies used by multinational companies to exploit the existing international tax system to reduce their tax liabilities. In the author's view, the current international tax system does not provide a proper basis for taxation. It is based on arbitrary distinctions: between countries (residence and source) and between types of income (active and passive). The OECD's BEPS project, which began in 2013, has produced a wealth of analytical information that has informed many of the reforms launched in 2015. The overall aim of the reforms is to preserve the existing allocation of tax rights. This is achieved by adding safeguards against abuse to the existing allocation rules. The overall goal of the OECD BEPS guidelines is to provide nations access to both internal and foreign tools that will improve the alignment of tax rights with economic activity. Closing loopholes tends to increase complexity and is unlikely to lead to a more rational and stable system. Instead, a fundamental reform of the international tax system is needed, and the tax base should be based on relatively fixed factors, i.e. the location of shareholders or the location of consumers. Both types of reform have the significant advantage that the conceptual basis of the system will be clear. However, both types of reform raise practical difficulties. A shareholder tax would link corporate profits in one country to a shareholder in another. A point-of-sale tax would have to tax imports that might be exported by a small company in another country. In principle, however, both problems can be solved by digitalisation.
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Бібліографічний опис
Глущенко, Ольга Вікторівна. Діджиталізація оподаткування: можливості та загрози на міжнародному рівні / О. Глущенко, М. Швайко, О. Дячек, В. Бабаев, С. Громов // Агросвіт. – 2004. – № 9. – С. 64-70. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.32702/2306-6792.2024.9.64
